CLINICAL RESEARCH: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
Clinical significance of inducible atrial flutter during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Christoph Scharf, MD*,
Srikar Veerareddy, MD*,
Mehmet Ozaydin, MD*,
Aman Chugh, MD*,
Burr Hall, MD*,
Peter Cheung, MD*,
Eric Good, DO*,
Frank Pelosi, Jr, MD, FACC*,
Fred Morady, MD, FACC* and
Hakan Oral, MD, FACC*,*
* Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Manuscript received September 8, 2003;
revised manuscript received October 22, 2003,
accepted November 13, 2003.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Hakan Oral, Cardiology, TC B1 D140, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0311, USA.
oralh{at}umich.edu
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of atrial flutter (AFL) that occurs during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF).
BACKGROUND: Atrial flutter frequently occurs in patients with AF.
METHODS: Pulmonary vein isolation was performed in 133 consecutive patients (age 52 ± 11 years) for paroxysmal (n = 112) or persistent (n = 21) AF. A clinical episode of AFL was documented in 40 of the 133 patients (30%). During the ablation procedure, AFL occurred in 86 patients (65%), either spontaneously (n = 36) or by rapid atrial pacing (n = 50), with AFL being typical in the majority (80%). Cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation was performed in 28 of the 133 patients.
RESULTS: Among the 105 patients who did not undergo isthmus ablation, 25 patients (24%) were documented to have symptomatic AFL during a mean follow-up of 609 ± 252 days. Among the clinical variables of age, gender, history of clinical AFL, ejection fraction, left atrial diameter, duration of AF, and occurrence of AFL during ablation, only a history of clinical AFL (p = 0.05) and occurrence of typical AFL during the ablation (p = 0.01) were independent predictors of symptomatic AFL during follow-up. The incidence of symptomatic AFL during follow-up was similar among patients who did and did not have long-term freedom from recurrent AF.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AF who have either a history of AFL or an episode of typical AFL during an electrophysiologic study, symptomatic AFL is common after pulmonary vein isolation. Therefore, cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation is appropriate during pulmonary vein isolation if AFL has been observed clinically or in the electrophysiology laboratory.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | AF | = atrial fibrillation | | AFL | = atrial flutter | | PV | = pulmonary vein | | RF | = radiofrequency |
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