HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Oudijk, M. A. Articles by Meijboom, E. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Oudijk, M. A. Articles by Meijboom, E. J.

CLINICAL RESEARCH: PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY

Treatment of fetal tachycardia with sotalol: transplacental pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Martijn A. Oudijk, MD, PhD^*,*, Jopje M. Ruskamp, MD, F. F. Tessa Ververs, PharmD, E. Barbara Ambachtsheer, MD, Philip Stoutenbeek, MD, PhD^*, Gerard H. A. Visser, MD, PhD^* and Erik J. Meijboom, MD, PhD, FACC

^* Department of Obstetrics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Central Hospital University of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland

Manuscript received November 9, 2002; revised manuscript received March 31, 2003, accepted April 17, 2003.

^* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Martijn A. Oudijk, Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center (UMC), KE 04.123.1/P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
m.oudijk{at}azu.nl

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sotalol in the treatment of fetal tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: Maternally administered, intrauterine therapy of fetal tachycardia is dependent on the transplacental passage of the antiarrhythmic agent.

METHODS: In a prospective study of patients treated for fetal tachycardia with sotalol, concentrations of sotalol were determined in maternal and umbilical blood and in amniotic fluid, and the relationship between these concentrations and the occurrence of conversion to sinus rhythm was investigated.

RESULTS: Eighteen fetal patients were studied, nine with atrial flutter and nine with supraventricular tachycardia. Fourteen were treated with sotalol; 13 converted to sinus rhythm, of whom 2 relapsed. There was one intrauterine death. Four patients were treated with sotalol and digoxin, of whom two were treated successfully. Mean birth weight was 3,266 g. The daily maternal sotalol dose was linearly related to the maternal plasma concentration. The mean fetal/maternal sotalol plasma concentration was 1.1 (range 0.67 to 2.87, SD 0.63), and the mean amniotic fluid/fetal blood ratio of sotalol was 3.2 (range 1.28 to 5.8, SD 1.4). The effectiveness of sotalol therapy could not be extrapolated from maternal blood levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Sotalol is a potent antiarrhythmic agent in the treatment of fetal tachycardia. The placental transfer is excellent. Sotalol accumulates in amniotic fluid but not in the fetus itself. Therefore it seems that renal excretion in the fetus is efficient and greater than the oral absorption by fetal swallowing. The maternal blood level is not a reliable predictor of the chances of success of therapy. Sotalol is not associated with fetal growth restriction.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   AF = atrial flutter   CV = coefficient of variation   ECG = electrocardiogram   F/M ratio = fetal/maternal sotalol plasma concentration   SC = Caesarean section   SVT = supraventricular tachycardia

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. R. Singh, S. Garekar, M. L. Epstein, and T. L'Ecuyer Neonatal Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) NeoReviews, July 1, 2005; 6(7): e339 - e350. [Full Text] [PDF]