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CLINICAL STUDY

Pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography for myocardial perfusion imaging of mice

Max C. Wu, PhD^*, Dong-Wei Gao, MD^*, Richard E. Sievers, BS, Randall J. Lee, MD, PhD, Bruce H. Hasegawa, PhD^* and Michael W. Dae, MD^*,*

^* Department of Radiology, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

Manuscript received January 4, 2003; revised manuscript received April 4, 2003, accepted April 17, 2003.

^* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Michael W. Dae, UCSF Nuclear Medicine, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-340, San Francisco, California 94143-0252, USA.
michael.dae{at}radiology.ucsf.edu

OBJECTIVES: Although transgenic mice have emerged as powerful experimental models of cardiovascular disease, methods for in vivo phenotypic assessment and characterization remain limited, motivating the development of new instruments for biologic measurement.

BACKGROUND: We have developed a single-photon emission computed tomography system with a pinhole collimator (pinhole SPECT) for high-resolution cardiovascular imaging of mice. In this study, we describe a protocol for myocardial perfusion imaging of mice using technetium-99m (^99mTc)-sestamibi and demonstrate the feasibility for measurement of perfusion defect size from pinhole SPECT images.

METHODS: Mice were anesthetized and injected with 370 MBq (10 mCi) of ^99mTc-sestamibi. Tomographic projection images were acquired by rotating each mouse in a vertical axis in front of a stationary clinical scintillation camera equipped with a pinhole collimator. BALB/c mice (n = 15) were imaged after the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The resulting defect size was measured from circumferential profiles of short-axis images. After imaging, the hearts were excised and sectioned to obtain ultra-high resolution digital autoradiographs of ^99mTc-sestamibi, from which the actual infarct size was determined.

RESULTS: Reconstructed image quality was equivalent to that obtained for clinical myocardial perfusion imaging. Linear regression analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.83 (p < 0.001) between the measured and actual values of the defect size.

CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that myocardial perfusion can be characterized qualitatively and quantitatively in mice using pinhole SPECT.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CCK   cholecystokinin   MRI   magnetic resonance imaging   PET   positron emission tomography   ROI   region of interest   SPECT   single-photon emission computed tomography   99mTc   technetium-99m

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