CLINICAL STUDY
Cardiac resynchronization therapy can reverse abnormal myocardial strain distribution in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block
Ole-A. Breithardt, MD* ,*,
Christoph Stellbrink, MD, FESC*,
Lieven Herbots, MD,
Piet Claus, PhD,
Anil M. Sinha, MD*,
Bart Bijnens, PhD,
Peter Hanrath, MD, FESC, FACC* and
George R. Sutherland, MD, FESC
* Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Manuscript received January 6, 2003;
revised manuscript received April 13, 2003,
accepted April 17, 2003.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Ole-A. Breithardt, Medizinische Klinik I, Univ.-Klinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52057, Aachen, Germany.
olebreithardt{at}gmx.de
OBJECTIVES: We studied the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on regional myocardial strain distribution, as determined by echocardiographic strain rate (SR) imaging.
BACKGROUND: Dilated hearts with left bundle branch block (LBBB) have an abnormal redistribution of myocardial fiber strain. The effects of CRT on such abnormal strain patterns are unknown.
METHODS: We studied 18 patients (12 males and 6 females; mean age 65 ± 11 years [range 33 to 76 years]) with symptomatic systolic heart failure and LBBB. Doppler myocardial imaging studies were performed to acquire regional longitudinal systolic velocity (cm/s), systolic SR (s–1), and systolic strain (%) data from the basal and mid-segments of the septum and lateral wall before and after CRT. By convention, negative SR and strain values indicate longitudinal shortening.
RESULTS: Before CRT, mid-septal peak SR and peak strain were lower than in the mid-lateral wall (peak SR: –0.79 ± 0.5 [septum] vs. –1.35 ± 0.8 [lateral wall], p < 0.05; peak strain: –7 ± 5 [septum] vs. –11 ± 5 [lateral wall], p < 0.05). This relationship was reversed during CRT (peak SR: –1.35 ± 0.8 [septum] vs. –0.93 ± 0.6 [lateral wall], p < 0.05; peak strain: –11 ± 6 [septum] vs. –7 ± 6 [lateral wall], p < 0.05). Cardiac resynchronization therapy reversed the septal–lateral difference in mid-segmental peak strain from –46 ± 94 ms (LBBB) to 17 ± 92 ms (CRT; p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Left bundle branch block can lead to a significant redistribution of abnormal myocardial fiber strains. These abnormal changes in the extent and timing of septal–lateral strain relationships can be reversed by CRT. The noninvasive identification of specific abnormal but reversible strain patterns should help to improve patient selection for CRT.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | CDMI | | color Doppler myocardial imaging | | CRT | | cardiac resynchronization therapy |  | | strain | | ICM | | ischemic cardiomyopathy | | IVCT | | isovolumic contraction time | | IVRT | | isovolumic relaxation time | | LBBB | | left bundle branch block | | LV | | left ventricle/ventricular | | NICM | | nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy | | RV | | right ventricle/ventricular | | SR | | strain rate | | SRI | | strain rate imaging | | Vmax | | peak positive velocity |
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