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CLINICAL RESEARCH: HEART FAILURE/TRANSPLANTATION

Preserved response of mitochondrial function to short-term endurance training in skeletal muscle of heart transplant recipients

Joffrey Zoll, PhD^*,*, Benoit N’Guessan, BS^*, Florence Ribera, PhD^*, Eliane Lampert, MD^*, Dominique Fortin, Vladimir Veksler, MD, PhD, Xavier Bigard, MD, PhD, Bernard Geny, MD, PhD^*, Jean Lonsdorfer, MD, PhD^*, Renée Ventura-Clapier, PhD and Bertrand Mettauer, MD, PhD^*

^* Service de Physiologie Clinique et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, U-446 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
Unité de Bioénergétique, CRSSA, La-Tronche Cedex, France

Manuscript received January 23, 2003; revised manuscript received March 19, 2003, accepted March 27, 2003.

^* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Joffrey Zoll, Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
Zolljoffrey{at}yahoo.com

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether intrinsic mitochondrial function and regulation were altered in heart transplant recipients (HTRs) and to investigate the response of mitochondrial function to six-week endurance training in these patients.

BACKGROUND: Despite the normalization of central oxygen transport during exercise, HTRs are still characterized by limited exercise capacity, which is thought to result from skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities.

METHODS: Twenty HTRs agreed to have vastus lateralis biopsies and exercise testing: before and after training for 12 of them and before and after the same control period for eight subjects unwilling to train. Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated on saponin-permeabilized muscle fibers in the absence or presence (maximum respiration rate [V_max]) of saturating adenosine diphosphate.

RESULTS: Mitochondrial function was preserved at the level of sedentary subjects in untrained HTRs, although they showed 28 ± 5% functional aerobic impairment (FAI). After training, V_max, citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) activities were significantly increased by 48%, 40%, 67%, and 53%, respectively (p < 0.05), whereas FAI decreased to 12 ± 5% (p < 0.01). The control of mitochondrial respiration by creatine and mitochondrial CK was also improved (p < 0.01), suggesting that phosphocreatine synthesis and transfer by the mitochondrial CK become coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, as shown in trained, healthy subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: In HTRs, the mitochondrial properties of skeletal muscle were preserved and responded well to training, reaching values of physically active, healthy subjects. This suggests that, in HTRs, immunosuppressive drugs do not alter the intrinsic muscle oxidative capacities and that the patients’ physical handicap results from nonmitochondrial mechanisms.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   ADP   adenosine diphosphate   CHF   congestive heart failure   CK   creatine kinase   CsA   cyclosporin A   FAI   functional aerobic impairment   HTRs   heart transplant recipients   MTP   maximum tolerated power   MyHC   myosin heavy chain   T   trained subjects   UT   untrained subjects   Vmax   maximum respiration rate   VO2   oxygen consumption   VT   ventilatory threshold

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