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EXPEDITED REVIEW

Coronary vasodilation by noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound

An in vivo canine study

Takashi Miyamoto, MD^*, Yoram Neuman, MD^*, Huai Luo, MD^*, Doo-Soo Jeon, MD^*, Sergio Kobal, MD^*, Fumiaki Ikeno, MD^*, Michael Horzewski, BS^*, Yasuhiro Honda, MD^*, James M. Mirocha, MS^*, Takahiro Iwami, MD^*, Debra Echt, MD, FACC^*, Michael C. Fishbein, MD, FACC and Robert J. Siegel, MD, FACC^*,*

^* Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California USA;
Department of Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

Manuscript received October 7, 2002; revised manuscript received February 4, 2003, accepted February 25, 2003.

^* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Robert J. Siegel, Division of Cardiology, Room #5335, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048.
siegel{at}cshs.org

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the coronary vasodilatory effects of transcutaneous low-frequency (27-kHz) ultrasound (USD).

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound has been shown to affect vascular function.

METHODS: Ultrasound energy was administered transcutaneously to 12 dogs. Coronary arterial dimensions were assessed using intravascular coronary ultrasound (IVUS) and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA).

RESULTS: The IVUS mid-left anterior descending (LAD) luminal area was 6.77 ± 1.27 mm² at baseline. After 30 s of ultrasound, this area increased by 9% (7.40 ± 1.44 mm², p < 0.05), after 3 min by 19% (8.05 ± 1.72 mm², p < 0.05) and after 5 min increased by 21% (8.16 ± 1.29 mm², p < 0.05). The mean coronary diameter (2.69 ± 0.33 mm) at baseline (QCA of three segments of LAD and three segments of left circumflex coronary artery) increased by 19.3% (3.21 ± 0.28 mm) after 5 min of USD exposure. After a 90-min observation period there was a return to baseline values (p = NS). Intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) administered to five dogs revealed a similar magnitude of vasodilation as USD.

CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive, transthoracic low-frequency USD energy results in coronary artery vasodilation within seconds of exposure. The vasodilation is reversible and is similar in magnitude to that induced by NTG. Further evaluation is needed to assess its potential applications in humans.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   IVUS = intravascular coronary ultrasound   LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery   LCx = left circumflex coronary artery   NTG = nitroglycerin   QCA = quantitative coronary angiography   USD = ultrasound

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