CLINICAL STUDY: CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing coronary artery bypass graft with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: one- to eight-year outcomes
Stuart N. Hoffman, DO*,
John A. TenBrook, Jr, MD*,
Michael P. Wolf, MD*,
Stephen G. Pauker, MD, FACC* ,
Deeb N. Salem, MD, FACC* and
John B. Wong, MD*,*,1
* Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Decision Making, Informatics, and Telemedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Division of Cardiology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Manuscript received September 10, 2002;
revised manuscript received January 8, 2003,
accepted January 16, 2003.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. John B. Wong, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street #302, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-1526, USA.
jwong{at}tufts-nemc.org
OBJECTIVES: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for the treatment of coronary artery disease, incorporating new trials and examining long-term outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Previous meta-analyses of trials comparing CABG with PTCA have reported short- and intermediate-term outcomes, but since then longer term follow-up and newer trials have been published.
METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials on 7,964 patients comparing PTCA with CABG.
RESULTS: We found a 1.9% absolute survival advantage favoring CABG over PTCA for all trials at five years (p < 0.02), but no significant advantage at one, three, or eight years. In subgroup analysis of multivessel disease, CABG provided significant survival advantage at both five and eight years. Patients randomized to PTCA had more repeat revascularizations at all time points (risk difference [RD] 24% to 38%, p < 0.001); with stents, this RD was reduced to 15% at one and three years. Stents also resulted in a significant decrease in nonfatal myocardial infarction at three years when compared with CABG. For diabetic patients, CABG provided a significant survival advantage over PTCA at 4 years but not at 6.5 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, when compared with PTCA, CABG is associated with a lower five-year mortality, less angina, and fewer revascularization procedures. For patients with multivessel disease, CABG provided a survival advantage at five to eight years, and for diabetics, a survival advantage at four years. The addition of stents reduced the need for repeat revascularization by about half.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | AWESOME | | Angina With Extremely Serious Operative Mortality Evaluation | | CABG | | coronary artery bypass graft surgery | | LAD | | left anterior descending coronary artery | | MI | | myocardial infarction | | NNT | | number needed to treat | | PTCA | | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | | RD | | risk difference |
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M. Zimarino, A. M. Calafiore, and R. De Caterina
Complete myocardial revascularization: between myth and reality
Eur. Heart J.,
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D. J. Malenka, B. J. Leavitt, M. J. Hearne, J. F. Robb, Y. R. Baribeau, T. J. Ryan, R. E. Helm, M. A. Kellett, H. L. Dauerman, L. J. Dacey, et al.
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Circulation,
August 30, 2005;
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[Abstract]
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P. W. Serruys, A. T.L. Ong, L. A. van Herwerden, J. E. Sousa, A. Jatene, J. J.R.M. Bonnier, J. P.M.A. Schonberger, N. Buller, R. Bonser, C. Disco, et al.
Five-Year Outcomes After Coronary Stenting Versus Bypass Surgery for the Treatment of Multivessel Disease: The Final Analysis of the Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study (ARTS) Randomized Trial
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[Abstract]
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R. M. Califf
Stenting or Surgery: An Opportunity to Do it Right
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
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N. Mercado, W. Wijns, P. W. Serruys, U. Sigwart, M. D. Flather, R. H. Stables, W. W. O'Neill, A. Rodriguez, P. A. Lemos, W. A. Hueb, et al.
One-year outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention with multiple stenting for multisystem disease: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized clinical trials
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.,
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[Abstract]
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H. C. Wijeysundera and D. A. Alter
Is CABG the preferred method of revascularization in multivessel coronary artery disease?
Can. Med. Assoc. J.,
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L. E. Jones and C. P. Carney
Mental Disorders and Revascularization Procedures in a Commercially Insured Sample
Psychosom Med,
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J. Abrams
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E. L. Hannan, M. J. Racz, G. Walford, R. H. Jones, T. J. Ryan, E. Bennett, A. T. Culliford, O. W. Isom, J. P. Gold, and E. A. Rose
Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting versus Stent Implantation
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[Abstract]
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R. T. van Domburg, J. J.M. Takkenberg, L. J. Noordzij, F. Saia, L. A. van Herwerden, P. W.J.C. Serruys, and A. J.J.C. Bogers
Late Outcome After Stenting or Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for the Treatment of Multivessel Disease: A Single-Center Matched-Propensity Controlled Cohort Study
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Authors/Task Force Members, S. Silber, P. Albertsson, F. F. Aviles, P. G. Camici, A. Colombo, C. Hamm, E. Jorgensen, J. Marco, J.-E. Nordrehaug, et al.
Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: The Task Force for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions of the European Society of Cardiology
Eur. Heart J.,
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P.-E. Falcoz, S. Chocron, C. Binquet, L. Stoica, D. Kaili, C. Quantin, and J.-P. Etievent
Revascularization of the Right Coronary Artery: Grafting or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?
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L. C H John
Cardiac revascularization--a need for independent decision-makers
J R Soc Med,
January 1, 2005;
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G. J Murphy, R. Ascione, and G. D Angelini
Coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart: surgical revascularization for the next decade?
Eur. Heart J.,
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M. S. Chen, E. H. Blackstone, C. E. Pothier, and M. S. Lauer
Heart Rate Recovery and Impact of Myocardial Revascularization on Long-Term Mortality
Circulation,
November 2, 2004;
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[Abstract]
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G. J. Murphy, A. J. Bryan, and G. D. Angelini
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization in the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents
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Medical Costs and Quality of Life 10 to 12 Years After Randomization to Angioplasty or Bypass Surgery for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
Circulation,
October 5, 2004;
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[Abstract]
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R. Kettelkamp, J. House, M. Garg, R. S. Stuart, A. Grantham, and J. Spertus
Using the Risk of Restenosis as a Guide to Triaging Patients Between Surgical and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Circulation,
September 14, 2004;
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[Abstract]
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B. D. Powell, C. S. Rihal, M. R. Bell, K. J. Zehr, and D. R. Holmes Jr
Anticipated Impact of Drug-Eluting Stents on Referral Patterns for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Population-Based Angiographic Analysis
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
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R. H. Jones
The year in cardiovascular surgery
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May 5, 2004;
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C. S. Rihal, D. L. Raco, B. J. Gersh, and S. Yusuf
Indications for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Stable Angina: Review of the Evidence and Methodological Considerations
Circulation,
November 18, 2003;
108(20):
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Z. Zhang, E. M. Mahoney, R. H. Stables, J. Booth, F. Nugara, J. A. Spertus, and W. S. Weintraub
Disease-Specific Health Status After Stent-Assisted Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: One-Year Results From the Stent or Surgery Trial
Circulation,
October 7, 2003;
108(14):
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