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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003; 41:879-888, doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00081-0
© 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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CLINICAL STUDY

Autologous skeletal myoblasts transplanted to ischemia-damaged myocardium in humans

Histological analysis of cell survival and differentiation

Francis D. Pagani, MD, PhD, FACC*,*, Harout DerSimonian, PhD, Agatha Zawadzka, MS, Kristie Wetzel, BS, Albert S. B. Edge, PhD, Douglas B. Jacoby, PhD, Jonathan H. Dinsmore, PhD, Susan Wright, BS, RN*, Tom H. Aretz, MD{ddagger}, Howard J. Eisen, MD§ and Keith D. Aaronson, MD, MPH{dagger}

* Section of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
{dagger} Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
{ddagger} Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
§ Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Diacrin, Inc., Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA

Manuscript received October 20, 2002; revised manuscript received January 19, 2003, accepted January 23, 2003.

* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Francis D. Pagani, Associate Professor of Surgery, Director, Heart Transplant Program, Section of Cardiac Surgery, 2120 Taubman Center, Box 3480, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
fpagani{at}umich.edu

OBJECTIVES: We report histological analysis of hearts from patients with end-stage heart disease who were transplanted with autologous skeletal myoblasts concurrent with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

BACKGROUND: Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation is under investigation as a means to repair infarcted myocardium. To date, there is only indirect evidence to suggest survival of skeletal muscle in humans.

METHODS: Five patients (all male; median age 60 years) with ischemic cardiomyopathy, refractory heart failure, and listed for heart transplantation underwent muscle biopsy from the quadriceps muscle. The muscle specimen was shipped to a cell isolation facility where myoblasts were isolated and grown. Patients received a transplant of 300 million cells concomitant with LVAD implantation. Four patients underwent LVAD explant after 68, 91, 141, and 191 days of LVAD support (three transplant, one LVAD death), respectively. One patient remains alive on LVAD support awaiting heart transplantation.

RESULTS: Skeletal muscle cell survival and differentiation into mature myofibers were directly demonstrated in scarred myocardium from three of the four explanted hearts using an antibody against skeletal muscle-specific myosin heavy chain. An increase in small vessel formation was observed in one of three patients at the site of surviving myotubes, but not in adjacent tissue devoid of engrafted cells.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings represent demonstration of autologous myoblast cell survival in human heart. The implanted skeletal myoblasts formed viable grafts in heavily scarred human myocardial tissue. These results establish the feasibility of myoblast transplants for myocardial repair in humans.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  EDTA
  ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  FACS
  fluorescence activated cell sorting
  LVAD
  left ventricular assist device
  mAb
  monoclonal antibody




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