CLINICAL STUDY: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Temporal increases in plasma markers of oxidized low-density lipoprotein strongly reflect the presence of acute coronary syndromes
Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, FACC*,*,
Claes Bergmark, MD ,
Reinaldo W. Beyer, MD, FACC*,
Raj Patel, MD*,
Jennifer Pattison, BS*,
Elizabeth Miller, BS*,
Joseph Juliano, BS* and
Joseph L. Witztum, MD*
* Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Department of Vascular Surgery, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Manuscript received July 11, 2002;
revised manuscript received September 25, 2002,
accepted October 10, 2002.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Sotirios Tsimikas, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BSB 1080, La Jolla, California 92093-0682, USA.
stsimikas{at}ucsd.edu
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that plasma markers of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) reflect acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
BACKGROUND: Oxidized LDL contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but its role in ACS is not established.
METHODS: Serial plasma samples were prospectively obtained from patients with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 8), unstable angina (UA) (n = 15), stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 17), angiographically normal coronary arteries (n = 8), and from healthy subjects (n = 18), at entry into the study, hospital discharge (MI group only), and at 30, 120, and 210 days. Chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate plasma levels of: 1) immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG OxLDL autoantibody titers (presented as a mean OxLDL autoantibody titer by averaging the results of four distinct epitopes); 2) LDL-autoantibody immune complexes (LDL-IC); and 3) minimally OxLDL measured by antibody E06 (OxLDL-E06), as determined by the content of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) per apolipoprotein B-100.
RESULTS: Baseline OxLDL IgG autoantibody levels were higher in the MI group (p < 0.0001). At 30-day follow-up, the mean IgM OxLDL titers increased by 48% (p < 0.001) and 20% (p < 0.001), and IgM LDL-IC increased by 60% (p < 0.01) and 26% (p < 0.01) in the MI and UA groups, respectively. The OxLDL-E06 levels increased by 54% (p < 0.01) in the MI group at hospital discharge and by 36% at 30 days. No significant changes in any OxLDL markers were noted in the other groups. The OxLDL-E06 levels strongly paralleled the acute rise in lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), in the MI group, suggesting that toxic OxPL are preferentially bound to Lp(a). Oxidized LDL-E06 also correlated extremely well with Lp(a) in the entire cohort of patients (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Circulating OxLDL-specific markers strongly reflect the presence of ACS, implying immune awareness to newly exposed oxidation-specific epitopes and possible release of OxLDL in the circulation. The OxLDL-E06 measurements provide novel insights into plaque rupture and the potential atherogenicity of Lp(a).
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ACS | | acute coronary syndromes | | ANOVA | | analysis of variance | | Apo | | apolipoprotein | | CAD | | coronary artery disease | | CPK | | creatine phosphokinase | | Cu-OxLDL | | copper-oxidized low-density lipoprotein | | HDL | | high-density lipoprotein | | Ig | | immunoglobulin | | LDL | | low-density lipoprotein | | LDL-IC | | low-density lipoprotein-immune complexes | | Lp(a) | | lipoprotein(a) | | MDA-LDL | | malondialdehyde-low-density lipoprotein | | MI | | myocardial infarction | | OxLDL | | oxidized low-density lipoprotein | | OxLDL-E06 | | oxidized low-density lipoprotein measured by antibody E06 | | OxPL | | oxidized phospholipids | | PC | | phosphorylcholine | | PCI | | percutaneous coronary intervention | | POVPC | | 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleryoyl)-phosphatidylcholine | | UA | | unstable angina |
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Association of High Coronary Heart Disease Risk Status With Circulating Oxidized LDL in the Well-Functioning Elderly: Findings From the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.,
August 1, 2003;
23(8):
1444 - 1448.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. Virella and M. F. Lopes-Virella
Lipoprotein Autoantibodies: Measurement and Significance
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
July 1, 2003;
10(4):
499 - 505.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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