CLINICAL STUDY: MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists reduce mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions
Evangelia Karvouni, MD*,
Demosthenes G. Katritsis, MD, PhD, FACC* and
John P. A. Ioannidis, MD  ,*
* Department of Cardiology, Athens Euroclinic, Athens, Greece
Clinical Trials and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
Division of Clinical Care Research, Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Manuscript received August 2, 2002;
revised manuscript received September 19, 2002,
accepted September 26, 2002.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. John P. A. Ioannidis, Chairman, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
jioannid{at}cc.uoi.gr
OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the impact of intravenous antagonists of the platelet IIb/IIIa receptor on the survival of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs).
BACKGROUND: Several trials have shown that intravenous antagonists of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and composite cardiac outcomes (death, MI, or revascularization) in patients undergoing PCI. However, individual studies have not had adequate power to examine differences in mortality.
METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of 19 randomized, placebo-controlled trials (20 comparisons, n = 20,137). Death was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included MI, composite cardiac outcomes, and major bleeding.
RESULTS: Mortality was significantly reduced at 30 days (risk ratio [RR] 0.69 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53 to 0.90]), at six months (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.64 to 0.97]), and including longer follow-up (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.94]), with no significant between-study heterogeneity. The relative risk reduction was largely similar in trials of patients with or without acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in trials continuing or discontinuing heparin after the procedure, and in trials using stents or another PCI as the intended primary procedure. Myocardial infarction and composite outcomes were significantly reduced (p < 0.001 for all) at 30 days and six months. Major bleeding was significantly increased only in trials where heparin infusion was continued after the procedure (RR 1.70 [95% CI 1.36 to 2.14]), although there was no excess bleeding when heparin was discontinued (RR 1.02 [95% CI 0.85 to 1.24]).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing PCI, GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists confer a significant and sustained decrease (20% to 30%) in the risk of death.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | AMI | | acute myocardial infarction | | CI | | confidence interval | | GP | | glycoprotein | | MI | | myocardial infarction | | PCI | | percutaneous coronary intervention | | PTCA | | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | | RR | | risk ratio |
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