CLINICAL STUDY: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
The detection of cardiotropic viruses in the myocardium of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
Neil E. Bowles, PhD*,*,
Jiyuan Ni, MD*,
Frank Marcus, MD, FACC and
Jeffrey A. Towbin, MD, FACC*  
* Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Sciences), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Manuscript received August 30, 2001;
revised manuscript received December 4, 2001,
accepted December 14, 2001.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Neil E. Bowles, Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 333E, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
nbowles{at}bcm.tmc.edu
OBJECTIVES
We sought to investigate the role of cardiotropic viruses, including adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus and parvovirus, in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C).
BACKGROUND
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy is characterized by a gradual loss of myocytes, inflammatory infiltrates and replacement by fatty and fibrous tissue. It has been speculated that ARVD/C is a sequela of viral myocarditis in some patients, and the role of the coxsackievirus B3 has been debated.
METHODS
Myocardial samples from 12 patients with ARVD/C were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of cardiotropic viruses.
RESULTS
Enteroviral sequences were detected in seven patients and adenovirus type 5 in another two patients. During the same period, 215 control samples were analyzed in which only CMV (n = 2) and enterovirus (n = 1) were detected. This suggests a link between ARVD/C and the presence of viral genome (enterovirus or adenovirus) in the myocardium.
CONCLUSIONS
We report that cardiotropic viruses are more frequently identified in patients with ARVD/C than in control subjects. However, the role of these viruses in ARVD/C pathogenesis remains unknown.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ARVD/C | = arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy | | CMV | = cytomegalovirus | | DCM | = dilated cardiomyopathy | | DNA | = deoxyribonucleic acid | | EBV | = Epstein-Barr virus | | HSV | = herpes simplex virus | | LV | = left ventricle or ventricular | | PCR | = polymerase chain reaction | | RNA | = ribonucleic acid | | RV | = right ventricle or ventricular | | VT | = ventricular tachycardia |
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