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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 39:604-609
© 2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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CLINICAL STUDY: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Visualization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients using optical coherence tomography: comparison with intravascular ultrasound

Ik-Kyung Jang, MD, PhD, FACC*,*, Brett E. Bouma, PhD{dagger}, Dong-Heon Kang, MD*§, Seung-Jung Park, MD, FACC||, Seong-Wook Park, MD, FACC||, Ki-Bae Seung, MD§, Kyu-Bo Choi, MD, FACC§, Milen Shishkov, PhD{dagger}, Kelly Schlendorf, BS{dagger}, Eugene Pomerantsev, MD, PhD*, Stuart L. Houser, MD{ddagger}, H. Thomas Aretz, MD{ddagger} and Guillermo J. Tearney, MD, PhD{dagger}{ddagger}

* Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
{dagger} Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusett General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
{ddagger} Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
§ Department of Cardiology, Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital and Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
|| Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center and Ulsan University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea

Manuscript received April 25, 2001; revised manuscript received November 5, 2001, accepted November 28, 2001.

* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Ik-Kyung Jang, Cardiology Division, Bulfinch 105, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
jang.ik{at}mgh.harvard.edu

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the ability of intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) to visualize the components of coronary plaques in living patients.

BACKGROUND: Disruption of a vulnerable coronary plaque with subsequent thrombosis is currently recognized as the primary mechanism for acute myocardial infarction. Although such plaques are considered to have a thin fibrous cap overlying a lipid pool, imaging modalities in current clinical practice do not have sufficient resolution to identify thin (<65 µm) fibrous caps. Optical coherence tomography is a new imaging modality capable of obtaining cross-sectional images of coronary vessels at a resolution of approximately 10 µm.

METHODS: The OCT images and corresponding histology of 42 coronary plaques were compared to establish OCT criteria for different types of plaques. Atherosclerotic lesions with mild to moderate stenosis were identified on angiograms in 10 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of these sites were obtained in all patients without complication.

RESULTS: Comparison between OCT and histology demonstrated that lipid-rich plaques and fibrous plaques have distinct OCT characteristics. A total of 17 IVUS and OCT image pairs obtained from patients were compared. Axial resolution measured 13 ± 3 µm with OCT and 98 ± 19 µm with IVUS. All fibrous plaques, macrocalcifications and echolucent regions identified by IVUS were visualized in corresponding OCT images. Intimal hyperplasia and echolucent regions, which may correspond to lipid pools, were identified more frequently by OCT than by IVUS.

CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary OCT appears to be feasible and safe. Optical coherence tomography identified most architectural features detected by IVUS and may provide additional detailed structural information.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  FWHM
  FWHM
  full-width-half-maximum
  IVUS
  intravascular ultrasound
  OCT
  optical coherence tomography




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Copyright © 2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.