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CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Noninvasive detection of total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography

^a Department of Cardiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan

Manuscript received March 23, 2001; revised manuscript received June 28, 2001, accepted July 19, 2001.

^* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Nozomi Watanabe, Department of Cardiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
non{at}med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) for the noninvasive detection of total left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion.

BACKGROUND

Total coronary occlusion is associated with an adverse long-term prognosis, and mechanical revascularization may be required for the patient with total coronary occlusion. However, a noninvasive diagnosis of total coronary occlusion before coronary angiography (CAG) has been difficult, especially in patients without clinical signs.

METHODS

We studied 103 consecutive patients who underwent CAG for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. The study group consisted of 16 patients with total LAD occlusion (group A) and 87 patients without total LAD occlusion (group B). Coronary flow velocity in the mid-portion of the LAD was recorded by TTDE.

RESULTS

Adequate spectral Doppler recordings of diastolic flow in the LAD were obtained in 98 study patients (95%; 15 patients in group A and 83 patients in group B). In group A, retrograde LAD flow was obtained in 14 (93%) of 15 patients. The mean diastolic velocity of the retrograde flow was 21.0 ± 6.1 cm/s. In group B, antegrade LAD flow was obtained in all 83 patients (100%). The mean diastolic velocity of the antegrade flow was 21.5 ± 7.1 cm/s. Retrograde LAD flow by TTDE had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of total LAD occlusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Retrograde flow in the LAD by TTDE is a highly sensitive and specific finding that can be used to noninvasively diagnose total LAD occlusion.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   AMI = acute myocardial infarction   CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery   CAG = coronary angiography   ECG = electrocardiographic   LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery   TTDE = transthoracic Doppler echocardiography

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