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CLINICAL STUDY: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

Anasarca-mediated attenuation of the amplitude of electrocardiogram complexes: a description of a heretofore unrecognized phenomenon

^a Zena and Michael Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai/New York University Medical Center Health System, New York, New York, USA
^b Division of Cardiology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

Manuscript received August 28, 2000; revised manuscript received May 4, 2001, accepted May 21, 2001.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. John E. Madias, Division of Cardiology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Elmhurst, New York 11373
madiasj{at}nychhc.org

OBJECTIVES

The relationship between the changes of weight (WT) and electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS amplitude in patients with anasarca (AN) was evaluated.

BACKGROUND

Attenuation of the ECG voltage occurs as the electrical current spreads from the epicardium to the body surface. The voltage registered is a function of the cardiac potentials, the electrical resistivities of the intervening tissues and the orientation of the ECG leads with respect to the direction of propagation of excitation. Lung congestion and pericardial and pleural effusions can cause attenuation in the ECG potentials; additionally, a similar change was recently observed in patients with AN.

METHODS

A prospective study of this phenomenon in 28 patients with a critical illness was carried out. Electrocardiograms and patients’ WTs were recorded daily. Pericardial effusions were excluded by serial echocardiograms. The sums of the amplitude of QRS complexes from the 12 ECG leads (QRS) were correlated with the corresponding WTs. Intracardiac ECGs, done in three patients, were correlated with surface ECGs.

RESULTS

Admission WT was 148.9 ± 37.8 lbs, and it peaked to 197.8 ± 52.3 lbs (p = 0.0005). Admission QRS was 120.2 ± 41.6 mm and dropped to 54.8 ± 26.9 mm at time of peak WT (p = 0.0005). Regression of QRS on WT revealed an r = 0.61 and a p = 0.0005. Subsequent WT loss in 13 patients (from 219.0 ± 40.7 lbs to 179.5 ± 41.7 lbs, p = 0.001) led to an increase of QRS from 53.5 ± 24.5 mm to 86.8 ± 38.2 mm (p = 0.001). Intracardiac ECGs remained stable, while surface ECGs changed with perturbations of WT.

CONCLUSIONS

Attenuation of ECG voltage in patients with AN correlates with WT gain, and it can be attributed to a shunting of the cardiac potentials due to the low resistance of the AN fluid.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   AN = anasarca   CCU = coronary care unit   ECG = electrocardiogram   HF-WG = half weight gain   HF-WT = weight, at the point of half weight gain   IC-ECG = intracardiac ECG   LVE = low-voltage ECG   QRS = sum of the amplitudes of QRS complexes   V1V2 = sum of the amplitudes of QRS in V1 and V2   V5V6 = sum of the amplitudes of QRS in V5 and V6   WT = weight

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