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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Stability of hibernating myocardium in pigs with a chronic left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis: absence of progressive fibrosis in the setting of stable reductions in flow, function and coronary flow reserve

^a Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care System and the Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA

Manuscript received July 28, 2000; revised manuscript received February 2, 2001, accepted February 15, 2001.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. James A. Fallavollita, Biomedical Research Building, Room 347, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214
jaf7{at}buffalo.edu

OBJECTIVES

This study was performed to determine whether hibernating myocardium is adaptive or is destined to undergo progressive irreversible injury.

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have suggested that hibernating myocardium eventually results in progressive dysfunction. Since serial studies cannot be performed in humans, the temporal progression of physiologic and structural adaptations was evaluated in pigs with hibernating myocardium.

METHODS

Pigs were instrumented with a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis (1.5 mm) and underwent physiologic studies three to five months later to quantify regional function, perfusion and ¹⁸F-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Viability was confirmed by histology and contractile reserve.

RESULTS

Hibernating myocardium was characterized by severe regional dysfunction (centerline score, –1.9 ± 0.1), reduced resting subendocardial flow (LAD: 0.85 ± 0.03 vs. normal: 1.02 ± 0.03 ml/min/g, p < 0.01), critically reduced subendocardial flow reserve (adenosine flow: 1.04 ± 0.09 ml/min/g, p = NS vs. rest; epinephrine flow: 0.88 ± 0.07 ml/min/g, p = NS vs. rest) and increased FDG uptake (0.022 ± 0.002 vs. 0.014 ± 0.001 ml/g/min, p < 0.01). Physiologic parameters were not different among animals studied at three (93 ± 1 days, n = 27), four (118 ± 2 days, n = 26) or five months (150 ± 6 days, n = 9). Pathology revealed a small increase in LAD connective tissue (6.4 ± 0.4% vs. 4.0 ± 0.2%, p < 0.001), with no change over this time frame.

CONCLUSIONS

Thus, physiologic and structural features of hibernating myocardium remain constant for at least two months. The absence of functional deterioration or progressive fibrosis suggests that hibernation is adaptive rather than an unstable physiology destined to progress to irreversible injury. The stability of this model appears ideally suited for interventions targeted to improve flow and function in chronically dysfunctional myocardium.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   EDP = end-diastolic pressure   EF = ejection fraction   FDG = 18F-2-deoxyglucose   LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery   LV = left ventricle

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