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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2001; 37:1839-1845 © 2001 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation |
* Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
Cardiology, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
Vascular Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
Coronary Care Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
Manuscript received June 20, 2000; revised manuscript received January 30, 2001, accepted February 13, 2001.
Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Giora Landesberg, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital Kiryat Hadassah, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
gio{at}cc.huji.ac.il
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to investigate the nature of the association between silent ischemia and postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI).
BACKGROUND
Silent ischemia predicts cardiac morbidity and mortality in both ambulatory and postoperative patients. Whether silent stress-induced ischemia is merely a marker of extensive coronary artery disease or has a closer association with infarction has not been determined.
METHODS
In 185 consecutive patients undergoing vascular surgery, we correlated ischemia duration, as detected on a continuous 12-lead ST-trend monitoring during the period 48 h to 72 h after surgery, with cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) measured in the first three postoperative days and with postoperative cardiac outcome. Postoperative myocardial infarction was defined as cTn-I >3.1 ng/ml accompanied by either typical symptoms or new ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) findings.
RESULTS
During 11,132 patient-hours of monitoring, 38 patients (20.5%) had 66 transient ischemic events, all but one denoted by ST-segment depression. Twelve patients (6.5%) sustained PMI; one of those patients died. All infarctions were non-Q-wave and were detected by a rise in cTn-I during or immediately after prolonged, ST depression-type ischemia. The average duration of ischemia in patients with PMI was 226 ± 164 min (range: 29 to 625), compared with 38 ± 26 min (p = 0.0000) in 26 patients with ischemia but not infarction. Peak cTn-I strongly correlated with the longest, as well as cumulative, ischemia duration (r = 0.83 and r = 0.78, respectively). Ischemic ECG changes were completely reversible in all but one patient who had persistent new T wave inversion. All ischemic events culminating in PMI were preceded by an increase in heart rate (
heart rate = 32 ± 15 beats/min), and most (67%) of them began at the end of surgery and emergence from anesthesia.
CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged, ST depression-type ischemia progresses to MI and is strongly associated with the majority of cardiac complications after vascular surgery.
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