CLINICAL STUDY
Effects of intravenous brain natriuretic peptide on regional sympathetic activity in patients with chronic heart failure as compared with healthy control subjects
Hans P. Brunner-La Rocca, MD*,1,
David M. Kaye, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FACC*,2,
Robyn L. Woods, PhD ,
Jacqueline Hastings, PhD* and
Murray D. Esler, MBBS, PhD, FRACP*
* Alfred and Baker Medical Unit, Baker Medical Research Institute, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
Manuscript received August 12, 2000;
revised manuscript received December 6, 2000,
accepted December 27, 2000.
Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Hans Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Division of Cardiology/Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
hanspeter.brunner{at}dim.usz.ch
OBJECTIVES
We sought to assess the effects of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on systemic and regional sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) in both patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and healthy control subjects.
BACKGROUND
Although the response of SNA to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been well documented, the response of SNA to BNP is largely unknown.
METHODS
We assessed cardiac and whole-body SNA using the norepinephrine (NE) tracer dilution method before and after infusion of two doses of BNP (3 and 15 ng/kg body weight per min) in 11 patients with stable CHF (ejection fraction 24 ± 2%) and 12 age-matched healthy control subjects. In addition, renal SNA and hemodynamic variables were assessed at baseline and after the higher BNP dose.
RESULTS
Low dose BNP did not change blood pressure or whole-body NE spillover, but reduced cardiac NE spillover in both groups by 32 ± 13 pmol/min (p < 0.05). In both groups, high dose BNP reduced pulmonary capillary pressure by 5 ± 1 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure by 6 ± 3 mm Hg (p < 0.05), without a concomitant increase in whole-body NE spillover; however, cardiac NE spillover returned to baseline levels. Renal NE spillover remained virtually unchanged in healthy control subjects (501 ± 120 to 564 ± 115 pmol/min), but was reduced in patients with CHF (976 ± 133 to 656 ± 127 pmol/min, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate a sympathoinhibitory effect of BNP. Cardiac sympathetic inhibition was observed at BNP concentrations within the physiologic range, whereas high dose BNP, when arterial and filling pressures fell and reflex sympathetic stimulation was expected, systemic and cardiac SNA equated to baseline values. There was inhibition of renal SNA in patients with CHF, but not in healthy control subjects. Whether this effect is specific to BNP or related to reduced filling pressure remains to be determined.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ANP | = atrial natriuretic peptide | | BNP | = brain, or b-type, natriuretic peptide | | CHF | = congestive heart failure | | NE | = norepinephrine | | NP | = natriuretic peptides | | RAAS | = renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | | SNS | = sympathetic nervous system |
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