CLINICAL STUDY: HEART FAILURE
Predictive value of systolic and diastolic function for incident congestive heart failure in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Gerard P. Aurigemma, MD, FACC*,
John S. Gottdiener, MD, FACC ,
Lynn Shemanski, PhD ,
Julius Gardin, MD, FACC and
Dalane Kitzman, MD, FACC||
* Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Division of Cardiology, St. Francis Medical Center, Roslyn, New York, USA
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
|| The Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
Manuscript received June 2, 2000;
revised manuscript received November 8, 2000,
accepted December 13, 2000.
Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Gerard P. Aurigemma, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
aurigemg{at}ummhc.org
OBJECTIVES
We sought to assess the ability of echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic function to predict incident congestive heart failure (CHF).
BACKGROUND
Noninvasive indices of subclinical systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction that can be used to identify patients in a transition phase between normal cardiac function and clinical CHF would be valuable. Though midwall shortening and Doppler mitral inflow patterns are seemingly well suited to predict subsequent CHF, the predictive value of these indices has not been investigated.
METHODS
We studied 2,671 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study who were free of coronary heart disease, CHF or atrial fibrillation. Clinical and quantitative echocardiographic data were obtained in all participants.
RESULTS
At a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (range 0 to 6 years), 170 participants (6.4% of the cohort) developed CHF. Although 96% of these participants had normal or borderline ejection fraction (EF) at baseline, only 57% had normal or borderline EF at the time of hospitalization. In multivariate modeling, fractional shortening at the endocardium (relative risk [RR] 1.85 per 10-unit decrease, confidence interval [CI] 1.27 to 2.39), fractional shortening at the midwall (RR 1.29 per five-unit decrease, 95% CI 1.11–1.51) and peak Doppler peak E (RR 1.15 for each 0.1 M/s increment; CI 1.02 to 1.21) independently predicted incident CHF. Both high and low Doppler E/A ratios were predictive of incident CHF.
CONCLUSIONS
Roughly half the occurrences of CHF in this population are associated with normal or borderline EF. Echocardiographic findings suggestive of subclinical contractile dysfunction and diastolic filling abnormalities are both predictive of subsequent CHF. The standard (FSendo) and refined (FSmw) parameters of systolic function performed similarly in this regard, though subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy and depressed FSmw are at particularly high risk for subsequent CHF.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | CHD | = coronary heart disease | | CHF | = congestive heart failure | | CHS | = Cardiovascular Health Study | | CI | = confidence intervals | | EF | = ejection fraction | | FSendo | = fractional shortening measured at the endocardium | | FSmw | = fractional shortening measured at the midwall | | LV | = left ventricular | | MI | = myocardial infarction | | RR | = relative risk | | RWT | = relative wall thickness |
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June 19, 2002;
39(12):
2005 - 2011.
[Abstract]
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T. S. Harris, C. F. Baicu, C. H. Conrad, M. Koide, J. M. Buckley, M. Barnes, G. Cooper IV, and M. R. Zile
Constitutive properties of hypertrophied myocardium: cellular contribution to changes in myocardial stiffness
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
June 1, 2002;
282(6):
H2173 - H2182.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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M. R. Zile and D. L. Brutsaert
New Concepts in Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure: Part I: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Measurements of Diastolic Function
Circulation,
March 19, 2002;
105(11):
1387 - 1393.
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B. D. Rosen, T. Edvardsen, S. Lai, E. Castillo, L. Pan, M. Jerosch-Herold, S. Sinha, R. Kronmal, D. Arnett, J. R. Crouse III, et al.
Left Ventricular Concentric Remodeling Is Associated With Decreased Global and Regional Systolic Function: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Circulation,
August 16, 2005;
112(7):
984 - 991.
[Abstract]
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