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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000; 36:2056-2063
© 2000 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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CLINICAL STUDY: MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the U.S. from 1990 through 1999

The National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3

William J. Rogers, MD, FACC*, John G. Canto, MD, MSPH, FACC*, Costas T. Lambrew, MD, FACC{dagger}, Alan J. Tiefenbrunn, MD, FACC{ddagger}, Becky Kinkaid§, David A. Shoultz, PhD||, Paul D. Frederick, MPH, MBA||, Nathan Every, MD, MPH, FACC|| for the Investigators in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1 2 and 3

* University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
{dagger} Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
{ddagger} Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
§ Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
|| University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

Manuscript received November 2, 1999; revised manuscript received May 31, 2000, accepted July 14, 2000.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. William J. Rogers, 334 LHRB, University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
wrogers{at}uab.edu

OBJECTIVES

We sought to determine trends in the treatment of myocardial infarction from 1990 through 1999 in the U.S. and to relate these trends to current guidelines.

BACKGROUND

Limited data are available to show how recent clinical trials and clinical guidelines have impacted treatment of myocardial infarction.

METHODS

Temporal trends in myocardial infarction treatment and outcome were assessed by using data from 1,514,292 patients in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI) 1, 2 and 3 from 1990 through 1999.

Results

During this interval, the use of intravenous thrombolytic therapy declined from 34.3% to 20.8%, but the use of primary angioplasty increased from 2.4% to 7.3% (both p = 0.0001). The median "door-to-drug" time among thrombolytic therapy recipients fell from 61.8 to 37.8 min (p = 0.0001), primarily owing to shorter "door-to-data" and "data-to-decision" times. The prevalence of non–Q wave infarctions increased from 45% in 1994 to 63% in 1999 (p = 0.0001). From 1994 through 1999, there was increased usage of beta-blockers, aspirin and angiotensin-converting inhibitors, both during the first 24 h after admission and on hospital discharge (all p = 0.0001). Between 1990 and 1999, the median duration of hospital stay fell from 8.3 to 4.3 days, and hospital mortality declined from 11.2% to 9.4% (both p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The NRMI data from 1990 through 1999 demonstrate that the recommendations of recent clinical trials and published guidelines are being implemented, resulting in more rapid administration of intravenous thrombolytic therapy, increasing use of primary angioplasty and more frequent use of adjunctive therapies known to reduce mortality, and may be contributing to the higher prevalence of non–Q wave infarctions, shorter hospital stays and lower hospital mortality.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme
  AMI = acute myocardial infarction
  CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  ECG = electrocardiogram or electrocardiographic
  LBBB = left bundle branch block
  IV = intravenous
  NRMI = National Registry of Myocardial Infarction
  PTCA = percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
  rt-PA = recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator




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Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Circulation, March 14, 2006; 113(10): e409 - e449.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
T. Thom, N. Haase, W. Rosamond, V. J. Howard, J. Rumsfeld, T. Manolio, Z.-J. Zheng, K. Flegal, C. O'Donnell, S. Kittner, et al.
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2006 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): e85 - e151.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. L. Garvey, B. A. MacLeod, G. Sopko, M. M. Hand, and on behalf of the National Heart Attack Alert Progr
Pre-Hospital 12-Lead Electrocardiography Programs: A Call for Implementation by Emergency Medical Services Systems Providing Advanced Life Support--National Heart Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) Coordinating Committee; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 7, 2006; 47(3): 485 - 491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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StrokeHome page
R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al.
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 577 - 617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
L. K. Newby, N. M. Allen LaPointe, A. Y. Chen, J. M. Kramer, B. G. Hammill, E. R. DeLong, L. H. Muhlbaier, and R. M. Califf
Long-Term Adherence to Evidence-Based Secondary Prevention Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease
Circulation, January 17, 2006; 113(2): 203 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
B. K. Nallamothu, Y. Wang, D. J. Magid, R. L. McNamara, J. Herrin, E. H. Bradley, E. R. Bates, C. V. Pollack Jr, H. M. Krumholz, and for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction
Relation Between Hospital Specialization With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Clinical Outcomes in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-4 Analysis
Circulation, January 17, 2006; 113(2): 222 - 229.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
R. L. McNamara, J. Herrin, E. H. Bradley, E. L. Portnay, J. P. Curtis, Y. Wang, D. J. Magid, M. Blaney, H. M. Krumholz, and for the NRMI Investigators
Hospital Improvement in Time to Reperfusion in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction, 1999 to 2002
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 3, 2006; 47(1): 45 - 51.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
J. W. Eikelboom, D. J. Quinlan, S. R. Mehta, A. G. Turpie, I. B. Menown, and S. Yusuf
Unfractionated and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin as Adjuncts to Thrombolysis in Aspirin-Treated Patients With ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis of the Randomized Trials
Circulation, December 20, 2005; 112(25): 3855 - 3867.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NEJMHome page
C. Patrono, L. A. Garcia Rodriguez, R. Landolfi, and C. Baigent
Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherothrombosis.
N. Engl. J. Med., December 1, 2005; 353(22): 2373 - 2383.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
T. P. Wharton Jr, E. C. Keeley, C. L. Grines, T. P. Wharton Jr, E. C. Keeley, and C. L. Grines
The Case for Community Hospital Angioplasty
Circulation, November 29, 2005; 112(22): 3509 - 3534.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. G. Robinson, B. Smith, N. Maheshwari, and H. Schrott
Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Benefit Beyond Cholesterol Reduction?: A Meta-Regression Analysis
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2005; 46(10): 1855 - 1862.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HeartHome page
R C Welsh, W Chang, P Goldstein, J Adgey, C B Granger, F W A Verheugt, L Wallentin, F Van de Werf, P W Armstrong, and on behalf of the ASSENT-3 PLUS Investigators
Time to treatment and the impact of a physician on prehospital management of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the ASSENT-3 PLUS trial
Heart, November 1, 2005; 91(11): 1400 - 1406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
W. A. Jaber, R. J. Lennon, V. Mathew, D. R. Holmes Jr, A. Lerman, and C. S. Rihal
Application of Evidence-Based Medical Therapy Is Associated With Improved Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Is a Valid Quality Indicator
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 18, 2005; 46(8): 1473 - 1478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
K. A. Eagle, C. K. Montoye, A. L. Riba, A. C. DeFranco, R. Parrish, S. Skorcz, P. L. Baker, J. Faul, S. M. Jani, B. Chen, et al.
Guideline-Based Standardized Care Is Associated With Substantially Lower Mortality in Medicare Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The American College of Cardiology's Guidelines Applied in Practice (GAP) Projects in Michigan
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 4, 2005; 46(7): 1242 - 1248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ANN INTERN MEDHome page
T. J. Meine, M. R. Patel, V. DePuy, L. H. Curtis, S. V. Rao, B. J. Gersh, K. A. Schulman, and J. G. Jollis
Evidence-Based Therapies and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized in December with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Ann Intern Med, October 4, 2005; 143(7): 481 - 485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Journal of Pharmacy PracticeHome page
R. Aazami
Initial Appraisal of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Journal of Pharmacy Practice, October 1, 2005; 18(5): 377 - 393.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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JAMAHome page
D. J. Moliterno and S. R. Steinhubl
Clopidogrel for Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: Time for More Pretreatment, Retreatment, or Both?
JAMA, September 14, 2005; 294(10): 1271 - 1273.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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NEJMHome page
V. Vaccarino, S. S. Rathore, N. K. Wenger, P. D. Frederick, J. L. Abramson, H. V. Barron, A. Manhapra, S. Mallik, H. M. Krumholz, and the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction Inv
Sex and Racial Differences in the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction, 1994 through 2002
N. Engl. J. Med., August 18, 2005; 353(7): 671 - 682.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JAMAHome page
A. Babaev, P. D. Frederick, D. J. Pasta, N. Every, T. Sichrovsky, J. S. Hochman, and for the NRMI Investigators
Trends in Management and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
JAMA, July 27, 2005; 294(4): 448 - 454.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Intern MedHome page
M. T. Roe, L. S. Parsons, C. V. Pollack Jr, J. G. Canto, H. V. Barron, N. R. Every, W. J. Rogers, E. D. Peterson, and for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction
Quality of Care by Classification of Myocardial Infarction: Treatment Patterns for ST-Segment Elevation vs Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Arch Intern Med, July 25, 2005; 165(14): 1630 - 1636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
E. M. Ohman and P. P. Chang
Improving Quality of Life After Cardiogenic Shock: Do More Revascularization!
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 19, 2005; 46(2): 274 - 276.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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HeartHome page
A-A Fassa, P Urban, D Radovanovic, N Duvoisin, J-M Gaspoz, J-C Stauffer, P Erne, and for the AMIS Plus Investigators
Trends in reperfusion therapy of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Switzerland: six year results from a nationwide registry
Heart, July 1, 2005; 91(7): 882 - 888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JAMAHome page
A. Schomig, J. Mehilli, D. Antoniucci, G. Ndrepepa, C. Markwardt, F. Di Pede, S. G. Nekolla, K. Schlotterbeck, H. Schuhlen, J. Pache, et al.
Mechanical Reperfusion in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting More Than 12 Hours From Symptom Onset: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, June 15, 2005; 293(23): 2865 - 2872.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JAMAHome page
B. J. Gersh, G. W. Stone, H. D. White, and D. R. Holmes Jr
Pharmacological Facilitation of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Is the Slope of the Curve the Shape of the Future?
JAMA, February 23, 2005; 293(8): 979 - 986.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
B. K. Nallamothu, E. R. Bates, J. Herrin, Y. Wang, E. H. Bradley, H. M. Krumholz, and for the NRMI Investigators
Times to Treatment in Transfer Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States: National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI)-3/4 Analysis
Circulation, February 15, 2005; 111(6): 761 - 767.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
N. Valeur, P. Clemmensen, K. Saunamaki, P. Grande, and for the DANAMI-2 investigators
The prognostic value of pre-discharge exercise testing after myocardial infarction treated with either primary PCI or fibrinolysis: a DANAMI-2 sub-study
Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2005; 26(2): 119 - 127.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
C. J. Terkelsen, J. F. Lassen, B. L. Norgaard, J. C. Gerdes, T. Jensen, L. B.-H. Gotzsche, T. T. Nielsen, and H. R. Andersen
Mortality rates in patients with ST-elevation vs. non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: observations from an unselected cohort
Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2005; 26(1): 18 - 26.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



 
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