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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000; 36:1670-1675
© 2000 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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CLINICAL STUDY

Pulmonary valve replacement in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: are we operating too late?

Judith Therrien, MD, FRCP(C)a, Samuel C. Siu, MD, FRCP(C)a, Peter R. McLaughlin, MD, FRCP(C)a, Peter P. Liu, MD, FRCP(C)a, William G. Williams, MD, FRCS(C)a and Gary D. Webb, MD, FRCP(C)a

a University of Toronto Congenital Cardiac Center for Adults, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Manuscript received September 20, 1999; revised manuscript received April 17, 2000, accepted June 16, 2000.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Judith Therrien, The Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Room E-206, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study is to evaluate right ventricular (RV) volume and function after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) and to address the issue of optimal surgical timing in these patients.

BACKGROUND

Chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) leads to RV dilation and an increased incidence of sudden cardiac death in adult patients.

METHODS

We studied 25 consecutive adult patients who underwent PVR for significant PR late after repair of TOF. Radionuclide angiography was performed in all at a mean of 8.2 months (± 8 months) before PVR and repeated at a mean of 28.0 months (± 22.8 months) after the operation. Right ventricular (RV) end-systolic volume (RVESV), RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) were measured.

RESULTS

Mean RVEDV, RVESV and RVEF remained unchanged after PVR (227.1 ml versus 214.9 ml, p = 0.74; 157.4 ml versus 155.4 ml, p = 0.94; 35.6% versus 34.7%, p = 0.78, respectively). Of the 10 patients with RVEF ≥ 0.40 before PVR, 5 patients (50%) maintained a RVEF ≥ 0.40 following PVR, whereas only 2 out of 15 patients (13%) with pre-operative values <0.40 reached an RVEF ≥ 0.40 postoperatively (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Right ventricular recovery following PVR for chronic significant pulmonary regurgitation after repair of TOF may be compromised in the adult population. In order to maintain adequate RV contractility, pulmonary valve implant in these patients should be considered before RV function deteriorates.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  LV = left ventricular, left ventricle
  MRI = magnetic resonance imaging
  PR = pulmonary regurgitation
  PVR = pulmonary valve replacement
  RNA = radionuclide angiography, radionuclide angiogram
  RV = right ventricular, right ventricle
  RVEDV = right ventricular end-diastolic volume
  RVEF = right ventricular ejection fraction
  RVESV = right ventricular end-systolic volume
  RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract
  TOF = Tetralogy of Fallot




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Radiology, December 1, 2004; 233(3): 824 - 829.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. A. Ali, J. C. Halstead, A.-R. Hosseinpour, Z. A. Ali, S. Kumar, and J. Wallwork
Replacement of a Regurgitant Pulmonary Valve with a Stentless Bioprosthesis
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2004; 78(4): 1467 - 1468.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
A. Frigiola, A.N. Redington, S. Cullen, and M. Vogel
Pulmonary Regurgitation Is an Important Determinant of Right Ventricular Contractile Dysfunction in Patients With Surgically Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11_suppl_1): II-153 - II-157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
C. Lim, J. Y. Lee, W.-H. Kim, S.-C. Kim, J.-Y. Song, S.-J. Kim, J.-H. Choh, and C. Whan Kim
Early replacement of pulmonary valve after repair of tetralogy: is it really beneficial?
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 2004; 25(5): 728 - 734.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
T. Geva, B. M. Sandweiss, K. Gauvreau, J. E. Lock, and A. J. Powell
Factors associated with impaired clinical status in long-term survivors of tetralogy of Fallot repair evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 17, 2004; 43(6): 1068 - 1074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K. G. Warner, P. K. H. O'Brien, J. Rhodes, A. Kaur, D. A. Robinson, and D. D. Payne
Expanding the indications for pulmonary valve replacement after repair of tetralogy of fallot
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2003; 76(4): 1066 - 1071.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
J. Q. Zhou, A. F. Corno, C. H. Huber, P. Tozzi, and L. K. von Segesser
Self-expandable valved stent of large size: off-bypass implantation in pulmonary position
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., August 1, 2003; 24(2): 212 - 216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTHHome page
J. Heggie, N. Poirer, W. G. Williams, and J. Karski
Anesthetic Considerations for Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, June 1, 2003; 7(2): 141 - 152.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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RadiologyHome page
T. Kuehne, M. Saeed, C. B. Higgins, K. Gleason, G. A. Krombach, O. M. Weber, A. J. Martin, D. Turner, D. Teitel, and P. Moore
Endovascular Stents in Pulmonary Valve and Artery in Swine: Feasibility Study of MR Imaging-guided Deployment and Postinterventional Assessment
Radiology, February 1, 2003; 226(2): 475 - 481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Card Surg AdultHome page
H. Laks, D. Marelli, M. Plunkett, J. Odim, and J. Myers
Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 1329 - 1358.
[Full Text]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
P. A. Davlouros, P. J. Kilner, T. S. Hornung, W. Li, J. M. Francis, J. C. C. Moon, G. C. Smith, T. Tat, D. J. Pennell, and M. A. Gatzoulis
Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 4, 2002; 40(11): 2044 - 2052.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
H. W. Vliegen, A. van Straten, A. de Roos, A. A.W. Roest, P. H. Schoof, A. H. Zwinderman, J. Ottenkamp, E. E. van der Wall, and M. G. Hazekamp
Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess the Hemodynamic Effects of Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Circulation, September 24, 2002; 106(13): 1703 - 1707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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RadioGraphicsHome page
G. A. Varaprasathan, P. A. Araoz, C. B. Higgins, and G. P. Reddy
Quantification of Flow Dynamics in Congenital Heart Disease: Applications of Velocity-encoded Cine MR Imaging
RadioGraphics, July 1, 2002; 22(4): 895 - 905.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K. R. Kanter, J. M. Budde, W. J. Parks, V. K.H. Tam, S. Sharma, W. H. Williams, and D. A. Fyfe
One hundred pulmonary valve replacements in children after relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2002; 73(6): 1801 - 1807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
P. Bonhoeffer, Y. Boudjemline, S. A. Qureshi, J. Le Bidois, L. Iserin, P. Acar, J. Merckx, J. Kachaner, and D. Sidi
Percutaneous insertion of the pulmonary valve
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 15, 2002; 39(10): 1664 - 1669.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
T. Kuehne, M. Saeed, G. Reddy, H. Akbari, K. Gleason, D. Turner, D. Teitel, P. Moore, and C. B. Higgins
Sequential Magnetic Resonance Monitoring of Pulmonary Flow With Endovascular Stents Placed Across the Pulmonary Valve in Growing Swine
Circulation, November 6, 2001; 104(19): 2363 - 2368.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
H. Ohuchi, K. Yasuda, S. Hasegawa, A. Miyazaki, M. Takamuro, O. Yamada, Y. Ono, H. Uemura, T. Yagihara, and S. Echigo
Influence of ventricular morphology on aerobic exercise capacity in patients after the Fontan operation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 1967 - 1974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
Y. d'Udekem, J. Rubay, and C. Ovaert
Failure of right ventricular recovery of Fallot patients after pulmonary valve replacement: delay of reoperation or surgical technique?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 2008 - 2009.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. Therrien, G. Webb, and W. G. Williams
Reply
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 2009 - 2009.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
J. Therrien, S. C. Siu, L. Harris, A. Dore, K. Niwa, J. Janousek, W. G. Williams, G. Webb, and M. A. Gatzoulis
Impact of Pulmonary Valve Replacement on Arrhythmia Propensity Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Circulation, May 22, 2001; 103(20): 2489 - 2494.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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RadiologyHome page
A. A. W. Roest, W. A. Helbing, P. Kunz, J. G. van den Aardweg, H. J. Lamb, H. W. Vliegen, E. E. van der Wall, and A. de Roos
Exercise MR Imaging in the Assessment of Pulmonary Regurgitation and Biventricular Function in Patients after Tetralogy of Fallot Repair
Radiology, April 1, 2002; 223(1): 204 - 211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



 
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