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CLINICAL STUDY

Exercise BP response in subjects with high-normal BP

Exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise and risk of future hypertension in subjects with high-normal blood pressure

Nobuyuki Miyai, PhD^*, Mikio Arita, MD, FACC, Ikuharu Morioka, MD^*, Kazuhisa Miyashita, MD^*, Ichiro Nishio, MD and Shintaro Takeda, MD

^* Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
Nursing College, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan

Manuscript received December 23, 1999; revised manuscript received April 10, 2000, accepted June 15, 2000.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Nobuyuki Miyai, Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
miyain{at}wakayama-med.ac.jp

OBJECTIVES

This study was designed to assess the clinical usefulness of an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to exercise (EBPR) in predicting the development of hypertension from a high-normal state.

BACKGROUND

Exaggerated BP response during both dynamic and isometric exercises are associated with increased risk of future hypertension, while the significance of these responses concerning the identification of individuals with high-normal BP who are prone to develop hypertension is unknown.

METHODS

The study population comprised a sample of 239 men with high-normal BP (aged 42.3 ± 5.9 years) who underwent a symptom-limited bicycle ergometer exercise testing at baseline and then were followed for 5.1 years.

RESULTS

The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the subjects in the upper quartile of BP response to exercise had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of hypertension on follow-up than those in the middle two and lower quartiles (log-rank test, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards survival model showed that the EBPR was significantly and independently associated with the risk of developing hypertension after adjustment for some traditional risk factors for hypertension (RR = 2.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.45 to 6.25).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that an EBPR is an important risk factor for new-onset hypertension from a high-normal state and, thus, exercise testing can provide valid information that may help identify individuals with high-normal BP at a greater risk of future hypertension.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   BMI = body mass index   BP = blood pressure   DBP = diastolic blood pressure   EBPR = exaggerated blood pressure response   HR = heart rate   RR = relative risk   SBP = systolic blood pressure

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