This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Abete, P. Articles by Rengo, F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Abete, P. Articles by Rengo, F.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Exercise training restores ischemic preconditioning in the aging heart

^a Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche—Cattedra di Geriatria, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
^b Fondazione "Salvatore Maugeri"—IRCCS—Centro Medico di Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
^c Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
^d Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA

Manuscript received September 27, 1999; revised manuscript received January 20, 2000, accepted March 28, 2000.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Pasquale Abete, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Scienze Cardiovascolari, Cattedra di Geriatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
p.abete{at}cds.unina.it

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning in hearts from adult and both sedentary and trained senescent rats.

BACKGROUND

Ischemic preconditioning does not prevent postischemic dysfunction in the aging heart, probably because of reduction of cardiac norepinephrine release. Exercise training can reverse the age-related decrease of norepinephrine production.

METHODS

We investigated the effects on mechanical parameters of ischemic preconditioning against 20 min of global ischemia followed by 40 min of reperfusion in isolated perfused hearts from adult (six months) and sedentary or trained (six weeks of graduated swim training) senescent (24 months) rats. Norepinephrine release in coronary effluent was determined by high-performance liquid cromatography.

RESULTS

Final recovery of percent-developed pressure was significantly improved after preconditioning in adult hearts (91.6 ± 9.6%) versus unconditioned controls (54.2 ± 5.1%, p < 0.01). The effect of preconditioning on developed pressure recovery was absent in sedentary but present in trained senescent hearts (39.6 ± 4.1% vs. 64.3 ± 7.1%, p < 0.05). Norepinephrine release significantly increased after preconditioning in adult and in trained but not in sedentary senescent hearts. The depletion of myocardial norepinephrine stores by reserpine abolished preconditioning effects in adult and trained senescent hearts.

CONCLUSIONS

In adult and trained but not in sedentary senescent hearts, preconditioning reduces postischemic dysfunction and is associated with an increase in norepinephrine release. Preconditioning was blocked by reserpine in both adult and trained senescent hearts. Thus, exercise training may restore preconditioning in the senescent heart through an increase of norepinephrine release.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   ANOVA = analysis of variance   CFR = coronary flow rate   DP = developed pressure   +dP/dt = first derivative of DP   EDP = end-diastolic pressure

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. Boengler, R. Schulz, and G. Heusch Loss of cardioprotection with ageing Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2009; 83(2): 247 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. N. Peart and J. P. Headrick Clinical cardioprotection and the value of conditioning responses Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): H1705 - H1720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Derumeaux, F. Ichinose, M. J. Raher, J. G. Morgan, T. Coman, C. Lee, J. M. Cuesta, H. Thibault, K. D. Bloch, M. H. Picard, et al. Myocardial Alterations in Senescent Mice and Effect of Exercise Training: A Strain Rate Imaging Study Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, November 1, 2008; 1(3): 227 - 234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Dow, A. Bhandari, and R. A. Kloner Ischemic Postconditioning's Benefit on Reperfusion Ventricular Arrhythmias Is Maintained in the Senescent Heart Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, June 1, 2008; 13(2): 141 - 148. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Jahangir, S. Sagar, and A. Terzic Aging and cardioprotection J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2007; 103(6): 2120 - 2128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ferdinandy, R. Schulz, and G. F. Baxter Interaction of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, Preconditioning, and Postconditioning Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2007; 59(4): 418 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. Korzick, J. C. Kostyak, J. C. Hunter, and K. W. Saupe Local delivery of PKC{varepsilon}-activating peptide mimics ischemic preconditioning in aged hearts through GSK-3beta but not F1-ATPase inactivation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): H2056 - H2063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Juhaszova, C. Rabuel, D. B. Zorov, E. G. Lakatta, and S. J. Sollott Protection in the aged heart: preventing the heart-break of old age? Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2005; 66(2): 233 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Kloner and B. Z. Simkhovich Benefit of an exercise program before myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2005; 45(6): 939 - 940. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Liem, M. te Lintel Hekkert, O. C. Manintveld, F. Boomsma, P. D. Verdouw, and D. J. Duncker Myocardium tolerant to an adenosine-dependent ischemic preconditioning stimulus can still be protected by stimuli that employ alternative signaling pathways Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): H1165 - H1172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Iemitsu, T. Miyauchi, S. Maeda, T. Tanabe, M. Takanashi, M. Matsuda, and I. Yamaguchi Exercise training improves cardiac function-related gene levels through thyroid hormone receptor signaling in aged rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): H1696 - H1705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Abete, F. Cacciatore, N. Ferrara, C. Calabrese, D. de Santis, G. Testa, G. Galizia, S. Del Vecchio, D. Leosco, M. Condorelli, et al. Body mass index and preinfarction angina in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2003; 78(4): 796 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. A. Demirel, K. L. Hamilton, R. A. Shanely, N. Tumer, M. J. Koroly, and S. K. Powers Age and attenuation of exercise-induced myocardial HSP72 accumulation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): H1609 - H1615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Starnes, R. P. Taylor, and Y. Park Exercise improves postischemic function in aging hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H347 - H351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. G. Lakatta and S. J. Sollott The "Heartbreak" of Older Age Mol. Interv., November 1, 2002; 2(7): 431 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Stewart Exercise Training and the Cardiovascular Consequences of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: Plausible Mechanisms for Improving Cardiovascular Health JAMA, October 2, 2002; 288(13): 1622 - 1631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Abete, G. Testa, N. Ferrara, D. De Santis, P. Capaccio, L. Viati, C. Calabrese, F. Cacciatore, G. Longobardi, M. Condorelli, et al. Cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is preserved in food-restricted senescent rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H1978 - H1987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Napoli, F. De Nigris, C. Cicala, J. L. Wallace, G. Caliendo, M. Condorelli, V. Santagada, and G. Cirino Protease-activated receptor-2 activation improves efficiency of experimental ischemic preconditioning Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2004 - H2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Abete, D. de Santis, M. Condorelli, C. Napoli, and F. Rengo A four-year-old rabbit cannot be considered the right model for investigating cardiac senescence J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 15, 2002; 39(10): 1701 - 1701. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Przyklenk, G. Li, and P. Whittaker No loss in the in vivo efficacy of ischemic preconditioning in middle-aged and old rabbits J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2001; 38(6): 1741 - 1747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Abete, N. Ferrara, F. Cacciatore, E. Sagnelli, M. Manzi, V. Carnovale, C. Calabrese, D. de Santis, G. Testa, G. Longobardi, et al. High level of physical activity preserves the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina in elderly patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1357 - 1365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Kloner Preinfarct angina and exercise: yet another reason to stay physically active J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1366 - 1368. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Pepe Dysfunctional ischemic preconditioning mechanisms in aging Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2001; 49(1): 11 - 14. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Napoli, F. De Nigris, C. Cicala, J. L. Wallace, G. Caliendo, M. Condorelli, V. Santagada, and G. Cirino Protease-activated receptor-2 activation improves efficiency of experimental ischemic preconditioning Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2004 - H2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Abete, G. Testa, N. Ferrara, D. De Santis, P. Capaccio, L. Viati, C. Calabrese, F. Cacciatore, G. Longobardi, M. Condorelli, et al. Cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is preserved in food-restricted senescent rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H1978 - H1987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]