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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000; 35:265-270
© 2000 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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CLINICAL STUDIES

Dietary supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids improve systemic large artery endothelial function in subjects with hypercholesterolemia

Jonathan Goodfellow, BSc, MB, MRCPa, Michael F. Bellamy, BSc, MB, MRCPa, Mark W. Ramsey, DM, BMedSci, MRCPa, Christopher J. H. Jones, MB, FRCP1,a and Malcolm J. Lewis, MB, PhD, DSca

a Cardiovascular Sciences Research Group, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Manuscript received December 31, 1998; revised manuscript received August 17, 1999, accepted October 18, 1999.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr J. Goodfellow, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom
GoodfellowJ{at}Cardiff.ac.UK

OBJECTIVE

This work was undertaken to determine whether dietary supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids improve systemic large artery endothelial function in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.

BACKGROUND

Marine omega-3 fatty acids improve vascular function, but the underlying mechanism(s) are unclear. We studied the effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids on large artery endothelial function in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.

METHODS

Hypercholesterolemic subjects with no other known cause for endothelial dysfunction were recruited to a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Treatment with omega-3 fatty acids at a dose of 4 g/day (n = 15/group) was compared with placebo, at the beginning (day 0) and end (day 120) of a four-month treatment period. Endothelial function was assessed pre- and posttreatment by noninvasive ultrasonic vessel wall tracking of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD).

RESULTS

Treatment with marine omega-3 fatty acids resulted in a significant improvement in FMD (0.05 ± 0.12 to 0.12 ± 0.07 mm, p < 0.05) and a significant reduction in triglycerides (2.07 ± 1.13 to 1.73 ± 0.95 mmol/liter, p < 0.05), whereas treatment with placebo resulted in no change in FMD (0.03 ± 0.10 to 0.04 ± 0.10 mm) or triglycerides (2.29 ± 2.09 to 2.05 ± 1.36 mmol/liter) (both p < 0.05 treated compared with control). Responses to sublingual glyceryl trinitrate were unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS

Marine omega-3 fatty acids improve large artery endothelium-dependent dilation in subjects with hypercholesterolemia without affecting endothelium-independent dilation.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  DHA = docosahexanoic acid
  EPA = eicosapentanoic acid
  FMD = flow-mediated dilation
  GTN = glyceryl trinitrate
  HDL = high-density lipoprotein
  LDL = low-density lipoprotein
  NO = nitric oxide
  RF = radio frequency
  VLDL = very low density lipoprotein




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