JACC
HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000; 35:96-105
© 2000 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Gaziano, J. M.
Right arrow Articles by Buring, J. E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Gaziano, J. M.
Right arrow Articles by Buring, J. E.

CLINICAL STUDIES

Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in the physicians’ health study enrollment cohort

J. Michael Gaziano, MD* {dagger} § ||, Thomas A. Gaziano, MD* §, Robert J. Glynn, PhD* §, Howard D. Sesso, MPH* § #, Umed A. Ajani, MBBS* §, Meir J. Stampfer, MD{ddagger} § # **, JoAnn E. Manson, MD* {ddagger} § #, Charles H. Hennekens, MD and Julie E. Buring, ScD* § # {dagger}{dagger}

* Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
{dagger} Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
{ddagger} Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
§ Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
|| Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
# Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
** Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
{dagger}{dagger} Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Dr. Hennekens is currently Visiting Professor of Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL. Dr. Hennekens’ current address is 1415 West Camino Real, Boca Raton, Florida 33486

Manuscript received December 17, 1998; revised manuscript received July 30, 1999, accepted October 5, 1999.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. J. Michael Gaziano, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1204
gaziano{at}maveric.org

OBJECTIVES

This study examined the relationship between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and cause-specific mortality.

BACKGROUND

Previous studies suggest a J-shaped relation between alcohol and total mortality in men. A decrease in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality without a significant increase in other causes of mortality may explain the overall risk reduction at light-to-moderate levels.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 89,299 U.S. men from the Physicians’ Health Study enrollment cohort who were 40 to 84 years old in 1982 and free of known myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer or liver disease at baseline. Usual alcohol consumption was estimated by a limited food frequency questionnaire.

RESULTS

There were 3,216 deaths over 5.5 years of follow-up. We observed a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and total mortality. Compared with rarely/never drinkers, consumers of 1, 2 to 4 and 5 to 6 drinks per week and 1 drink per day had significant reductions in risk of death (multivariate relative risks [RRs] of 0.74, 0.77, 0.78 and 0.82, respectively) with no overall benefit or harm detected at the ≥2 drinks per day level (RR = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79 to 1.14). The relationship with CVD mortality was inverse or L-shaped with apparent risk reductions even in the highest category of ≥2 drinks per day (RR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.01). We found no clear harm or benefit for total or common site-specific cancers. For remaining other cancers, there was a nonsignificant 28% increased risk for those consuming ≥2 drinks per day.

CONCLUSIONS

These data support a U-shaped relation between alcohol and total mortality among light-to-moderate drinking men. The U-shaped curve may reflect an inverse association for CVD mortality, no association for common site-specific cancers and a possible positive association for less common cancers.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  CHD = coronary heart disease
  CI = confidence interval
  CVD = cardiovascular disease
  MI = myocardial infarction
  RR = relative risk




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
C. E. Collins, A. F Young, and A. Hodge
Diet Quality Is Associated with Higher Nutrient Intake and Self-Rated Health in Mid-Aged Women
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2008; 27(1): 146 - 157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
R. A. Kloner and S. H. Rezkalla
To Drink or Not to Drink? That Is the Question
Circulation, September 11, 2007; 116(11): 1306 - 1317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Jpn J Clin OncolHome page
M. Inoue, K. Wakai, C. Nagata, T. Mizoue, K. Tanaka, I. Tsuji, S. Tsugane, and for the Research Group for the Development and Eva
Alcohol Drinking and Total Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence among the Japanese Population
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2007; 37(9): 692 - 700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
L. H. Opie and S. Lecour
The red wine hypothesis: from concepts to protective signalling molecules
Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2007; 28(14): 1683 - 1693.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
A. Di Castelnuovo, S. Costanzo, V. Bagnardi, M. B. Donati, L. Iacoviello, and G. de Gaetano
Alcohol Dosing and Total Mortality in Men and Women: An Updated Meta-analysis of 34 Prospective Studies
Arch Intern Med, December 11, 2006; 166(22): 2437 - 2445.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
C. Maraldi, S. Volpato, S. B. Kritchevsky, M. Cesari, E. Andresen, C. Leeuwenburgh, T. B. Harris, A. B. Newman, A. Kanaya, K. C. Johnson, et al.
Impact of inflammation on the relationship among alcohol consumption, mortality, and cardiac events: the health, aging, and body composition study.
Arch Intern Med, July 24, 2006; 166(14): 1490 - 1497.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
G. D. Kolovou, K. D. Salpea, K. K. Anagnostopoulou, and D. P. Mikhailidis
Alcohol Use, Vascular Disease, and Lipid-Lowering Drugs
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2006; 318(1): 1 - 7.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
L. Englund Ogge, G. Brohall, C. J. Behre, C. Schmidt, and B. Fagerberg
Alcohol Consumption in Relation to Metabolic Regulation, Inflammation, and Adiponectin in 64-Year-Old Caucasian Women: A population-based study with a focus on impaired glucose regulation
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2006; 29(4): 908 - 913.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
L. B. Goldstein
Is There a Causal Relationship Between the Amount of Alcohol Consumption and Stroke Risk?
Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 1 - 2.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
F. U. S. Mattace-Raso, T. J. M. van der Cammen, A. P. M. van den Elzen, M. A. D. H. Schalekamp, R. Asmar, R. S. Reneman, A. P. G. Hoeks, A. Hofman, and J. C. M. Witteman
Moderate Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults: The Rotterdam Study
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2005; 60(11): 1479 - 1483.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
S. Fukushima, A. Kinoshita, R. Puatanachokchai, M. Kushida, H. Wanibuchi, and K. Morimura
Hormesis and dose-response-mediated mechanisms in carcinogenesis: evidence for a threshold in carcinogenicity of non-genotoxic carcinogens
Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2005; 26(11): 1835 - 1845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
K. J. Mukamal, M. K. Jensen, M. Gronbaek, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, T. Pischon, and E. B. Rimm
Drinking Frequency, Mediating Biomarkers, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men
Circulation, September 6, 2005; 112(10): 1406 - 1413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
E. S. Schaeffner, T. Kurth, P. E. de Jong, R. J. Glynn, J. E. Buring, and J. M. Gaziano
Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Renal Dysfunction in Apparently Healthy Men
Arch Intern Med, May 9, 2005; 165(9): 1048 - 1053.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
J. R. Emberson, A. G. Shaper, S. G. Wannamethee, R. W. Morris, and P. H. Whincup
Alcohol Intake in Middle Age and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: Accounting for Intake Variation over Time
Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2005; 161(9): 856 - 863.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
R. Vliegenthart, H.-H. S. Oei, A. P. M. van den Elzen, F. J. A. van Rooij, A. Hofman, M. Oudkerk, and J. C. M. Witteman
Alcohol Consumption and Coronary Calcification in a General Population
Arch Intern Med, November 22, 2004; 164(21): 2355 - 2360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. C. Sparagna, C. E. Jones, and D. L. M. Hickson-Bick
Attenuation of fatty acid-induced apoptosis by low-dose alcohol in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): H2209 - H2215.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HeartHome page
F Niroomand, O Hauer, C P Tiefenbacher, H A Katus, and W Kuebler
Influence of alcohol consumption on restenosis rate after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent implantation
Heart, October 1, 2004; 90(10): 1189 - 1193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
E. Badia, E. Sacanella, J. Fernandez-Sola, J. M. Nicolas, E. Antunez, D. Rotilio, G. de Gaetano, A. Urbano-Marquez, and R. Estruch
Decreased tumor necrosis factor-induced adhesion of human monocytes to endothelial cells after moderate alcohol consumption
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2004; 80(1): 225 - 230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
D. Aguilar, H. Skali, L. A. Moye, E. F. Lewis, J. M. Gaziano, J. D. Rutherford, L. H. Hartley, O. S. Randall, E. M. Geltman, G. A. Lamas, et al.
Alcohol consumption and prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction after a myocardial infarction
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 2, 2004; 43(11): 2015 - 2021.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
V. Bagnardi, A. Zambon, P. Quatto, and G. Corrao
Flexible Meta-Regression Functions for Modeling Aggregate Dose-Response Data, with an Application to Alcohol and Mortality
Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2004; 159(11): 1077 - 1086.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Research on AgingHome page
B. R. Levy, S. Kunkel, K. Remmes, and M. Slade
Wanted Dead or Alive: Implication of Death Classification on Longevity
Research on Aging, May 1, 2004; 26(3): 317 - 329.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 HeartHome page
M N Zairis, J A Ambrose, A G Lyras, M A Thoma, P K Psarogianni, P G Psaltiras, A D Kardoulas, G P Bibis, E G Pissimissis, P C Batika, et al.
C Reactive protein, moderate alcohol consumption, and long term prognosis after successful coronary stenting: four year results from the GENERATION study
Heart, April 1, 2004; 90(4): 419 - 424.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
M. K. Malinski, H. D. Sesso, F. Lopez-Jimenez, J. E. Buring, and J. M. Gaziano
Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Hypertensive Men
Arch Intern Med, March 22, 2004; 164(6): 623 - 628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Scand J Public HealthHome page
B. Lindahl, B. Stegmayr, I. Johansson, L. Weinehall, and G. Hallmans
Trends in lifestyle 1986 - 99 in a 25- to 64-year-old population of the Northern Sweden MONICA project
Scand J Public Health, October 1, 2003; 31(5): 31 - 37.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Scand J Public HealthHome page
Bibliography
Scand J Public Health, October 1, 2003; 31(5): 85 - 91.
[PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
V. A. Jackson, H. D. Sesso, J. E. Buring, and J. M. Gaziano
Alcohol Consumption and Mortality in Men With Preexisting Cerebrovascular Disease
Arch Intern Med, May 26, 2003; 163(10): 1189 - 1193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
K. Reynolds, L. B. Lewis, J. D. L. Nolen, G. L. Kinney, B. Sathya, and J. He
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Stroke: A Meta-analysis
JAMA, February 5, 2003; 289(5): 579 - 588.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. A. Albert, R. J. Glynn, and P. M Ridker
Alcohol Consumption and Plasma Concentration of C-Reactive Protein
Circulation, January 28, 2003; 107(3): 443 - 447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
N. Nakanishi, K. Suzuki, and K. Tatara
Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Development of Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2003; 26(1): 48 - 54.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. de Lorgeril, P. Salen, J.-L. Martin, F. Boucher, F. Paillard, and J. de Leiris
Wine Drinking and Risks of Cardiovascular Complications After Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction
Circulation, September 17, 2002; 106(12): 1465 - 1469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Alcohol AlcoholHome page
D. P. Agarwal
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LIGHT-MODERATE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL: A REVIEW OF PUTATIVE MECHANISMS
Alcohol Alcohol., September 1, 2002; 37(5): 409 - 415.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
H.-Z. Zhou, J. S. Karliner, and M. O. Gray
Moderate alcohol consumption induces sustained cardiac protection by activating PKC-epsilon and Akt
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): H165 - H174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
L. Djousse, R. H. Myers, M. A. Province, S. C. Hunt, J. H. Eckfeldt, G. Evans, J. M. Peacock, and R. C. Ellison
Influence of Apolipoprotein E, Smoking, and Alcohol Intake on Carotid Atherosclerosis: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
Stroke, May 1, 2002; 33(5): 1357 - 1361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
R. Vliegenthart, J. M. Geleijnse, A. Hofman, W. T. Meijer, F. J. A. van Rooij, D. E. Grobbee, and J. C. M. Witteman
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease : The Rotterdam Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2002; 155(4): 332 - 338.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
L. M. Hines, M. J. Stampfer, J. Ma, J. M. Gaziano, P. M. Ridker, S. E. Hankinson, F. Sacks, E. B. Rimm, and D. J. Hunter
Genetic Variation in Alcohol Dehydrogenase and the Beneficial Effect of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Myocardial Infarction
N. Engl. J. Med., February 22, 2001; 344(8): 549 - 555.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
T. J. Regan
Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Circulation, August 1, 2000; 102(5): 487 - 488.
[Full Text] [PDF]


HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK
Copyright © 2000 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.