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CLINICAL STUDIES

Validation of a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) for the evaluation of coronary flow reserve

Comparison with intracoronary Doppler flow wire

^a Institute of Cardiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
^* Division of Cardiology, "S. Maugeri" Foundation, IRCCS Medical Center of Rehabilitation, Cassano Murge, Italy

Manuscript received August 10, 1998; revised manuscript received May 4, 1999, accepted June 22, 1999.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Carlo Caiati, Cattedra e Divisione di Cardiologia, Università di Cagliari, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, via Ospedale 46, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
carlo.caiati{at}teseo.it

OBJECTIVES

We tested the hypothesis that coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) as assessed by a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) is in agreement with CFR measurements assessed by intracoronary Doppler flow wire.

BACKGROUND

Contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler is a novel noninvasive method to detect blood flow velocity and reserve in the LAD. However, it has not yet been validated versus a gold-standard method.

METHODS

Twenty-five patients undergoing CFR assessment in the LAD by Doppler flow wire were also evaluated by contrast-enhanced transthoracic Doppler to record blood flow in the distal LAD at rest and during hyperemia obtained by adenosine IV infusion. In five patients CFR was evaluated twice (before and after angioplasty).

RESULTS

As a result of the combined use of IV contrast and second harmonic Doppler technology, feasibility in assessing coronary flow reserve equaled 100%. The agreement between the two methods was high. In fact, in all but five patients the maximum difference between the two CFR measurements was 0.38. Overall, the prediction (95%) interval of individual differences was –0.69 to +0.72. Reproducibility of CFR measurements was also high. The limits of the agreement (95%) between the two measurements were –0.32 to +0.32.

CONCLUSIONS

Coronary flow reserve in the LAD as assessed by contrast-enhanced transthoracic echo Doppler along with harmonic mode concurs very closely with Doppler flow wire CFR measurements. This new noninvasive method allows feasible, reliable and reproducible assessment of CFR in the LAD.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CAD = coronary artery disease   CFR = coronary flow reserve   IDFW = intracoronary Doppler flow wire   LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery   PTCA = percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty   PW = pulsed wave   TEE = transesophageal echocardiography   TTE = transthoracic echocardiography

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