CLINICAL STUDIES
Prognostic implications of myocardial contractile reserve in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction
Farooq A. Chaudhry, MD, FACCa,
Jason T. Tauke, MD, FACCa,
Renato S. Alessandrini, MDa,
Gil Vardi, MDa,
Michele A. Parker, RN, MSa and
Robert O. Bonow, MD, FACCa
a Division of Cardiology and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Manuscript received June 9, 1998;
revised manuscript received March 25, 1999,
accepted May 10, 1999.
Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Farooq A. Chaudhry, Department of Echocardiography, Mail Stop 313, Suite 706, Medical College of Pennsylvania/Hanhnemann University, Broad and Vine Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to assess the prognostic implications of myocardial contractile reserve (MCR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.
BACKGROUND
MCR during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) identifies viable myocardium that may improve in function after revascularization. Whether revascularization influences prognosis of patients with MCR has not been determined.
METHODS
We performed DSE in 80 patients with CAD and LV dysfunction (ejection fraction  40%). Viable myocardium was defined in dysfunctional myocardial segments as enhanced thickening and contraction during low-dose dobutamine (5 to 10 mcg/kg/min). Serial prospective follow-up was obtained in all patients (mean follow-up 2.2 ± 1.1 years).
RESULTS
Among 52 patients treated medically, there were 20 cardiac deaths. By multivariate analysis, the number of dysfunctional segments demonstrating MCR was the strongest predictor of survival (p < 0.03). Patients with MCR had better initial survival during medical therapy than did those without MCR, but this survival advantage was not maintained beyond three years. In contrast, survival was excellent in patients with MCR who underwent myocardial revascularization. Among 58 patients with MCR in  5 myocardial segments, survival at three years was 93 ± 6% in the 24 patients who were revascularized but only 49 ± 15% in the 34 treated medically (p < 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Myocardial contractile reserve is a significant predictor of survival in patients with CAD and LV dysfunction undergoing medical therapy. Although patients with MCR have an initial survival advantage, this advantage is lost over the course of three years. In contrast, survival in patients with significant MCR is enhanced by revascularization.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ACE | = angiotensin-converting enzyme | | ANOVA | = analysis of variance | | CAD | = coronary artery disease | | DSE | = dobutamine stress echocardiography | | ECG | = electrocardiographic | | LV | = left ventricular | | MCR | = myocardial contractile reserve | | NYHA | = New York Heart Association | | PET | = positron emission tomography |
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