CLINICAL STUDIES
Implications of small reference vessel diameter in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization
Heribert Schunkert, MD*  ,
Lari Harrell, BS* and
Igor F. Palacios, MD, FACC*
* Cardiac Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Manuscript received July 23, 1998;
revised manuscript received January 7, 1999,
accepted March 29, 1999.
Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Igor F. Palacios, Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and Interventional Cardiology, Cardiac Unit, Bulfinch 105, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
palacios.igor{at}mgh.harvard.edu
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine whether small reference diameter of the culprit coronary artery influences the outcome of an attempted percutaneous revascularization procedure in the current era of interventional cardiology.
BACKGROUND
Although the interventional strategy is largely determined by the size of the culprit coronary artery, earlier quantitative studies have not shown a worse acute outcome for small reference vessel diameter ( 2.5 mm).
METHODS
A total of 2,306 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization was divided in groups with reference diameters 2.5 mm (n = 813) or >2.5 mm (n = 1,493). Success and in-hospital major adverse cardiac event (death, Q-wave myocardial infarction and emergency coronary artery bypass graft) rates between both groups were compared.
RESULTS
Patients with lesions in small vessels were older and presented more frequently with female gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular, multivessel coronary disease and American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) lesion type C (p 0.01, each). Further, utilization of interventional devices differed markedly. In contrast to stents (18.5% vs. 41.9%) and directional atherectomy (3.7% vs. 13.5%), conventional balloon angioplasty (73% vs. 50%) and rotational atherectomy (16.1% vs. 8.3%) were used more often in smaller vessels (p 0.0001, each). Success rate was lower in the small vessel group (92% vs. 95%; p = 0.006). Major adverse cardiac events occurred more frequently in small than large vessels (univariate 3.4% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.03; multivariate odds ratio 2.1, p = 0.02), particularly when proximal coronary segments were compared.
CONCLUSIONS
Lesions in vessels with small reference diameter represent a distinct group with respect to clinical and morphologic characteristics as well as device utilization. These lesions have lower chances of successful percutaneous intervention and carry relatively higher risks, specifically when located in proximal coronary segments.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | AHA/ACC | = American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology | | CK | = creatine kinase | | MACE | = major adverse cardiac event (death, Q-wave myocardial infarction and emergency coronary artery bypass graft) |
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