CLINICAL STUDIES
Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium- dependent vasodilation of brachial artery
Hiroaki Kawano, MDa,
Takeshi Motoyama, MDa,
Osamu Hirashima, MDa,
Nobutaka Hirai, MDa,
Yuji Miyao, MDa,
Tomohiro Sakamoto, MDa,
Kiyotaka Kugiyama, MDa,
Hisao Ogawa, MDa and
Hirofumi Yasue, MDa
a Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
Manuscript received November 9, 1998;
revised manuscript received February 19, 1999,
accepted March 24, 1999.
Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Hirofumi Yasue, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan yasue{at}gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
OBJECTIVES
We examined whether endothelial dysfunction occurs when acute hyperglycemia is induced by oral glucose loading.
BACKGROUND
Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic hyperglycemia is implicated as a cause of endothelial dysfunction. However, in many patients with Type 2 DM and in those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), fasting blood glucose may be within normal limits, and hyperglycemia occurred only post-prandially.
METHODS
With ultrasound technique, we measured flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation during oral glucose tolerance test in 58 subjects: (17 patients with normal glucose tolerance [NGT], 24 with IGT, and 17 with type 2 DM). In addition, we measured the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrite/nitrate.
RESULTS
Flow-mediated vasodilation decreased after glucose loading (NGT: 7.53 ± 0.40, 4.24 ± 0.28 and 6.35 ± 0.40, in fasting, at 1- and 2-h, respectively, IGT: 6.50 ± 0.48, 1.40 ± 0.41** and 4.00 ± 0.47*, respectively; DM: 4.77 ± 0.37, 1.35 ± 0.38** and 1.29 ± 0.29%**, respectively; *p < 0.01 vs. fasting, **p < 0.005 vs. fasting). The TBARS concentration increased in parallel with plasma glucose level in each group (NGT: 1.43 ± 0.07, 2.03 ± 0.12 and 1.80 ± 0.12, respectively; IGT: 1.65 ± 0.11, 2.46 ± 0.12** and 1.94 ± 0.08*, respectively; DM: 1.73 ± 0.07, 2.34 ± 0.08** and 2.47 ± 0.09** nmol/ml, respectively; *p < 0.05 vs. fasting, **p < 0.01 vs. fasting). Glucose loading did not change nitrite/nitrate concentration in any of the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Hyperglycemia in response to oral glucose loading rapidly suppresses endothelium-dependent vasodilation, probably through increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals. These findings strongly suggest that prolonged and repeated post-prandial hyperglycemia may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
|
Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ANOVA | = analysis of variance | | DM | = diabetes mellitus | | FMD | = flow-mediated dilation | | HDL | = high-density lipoprotein | | IGT | = impaired glucose tolerance | | LDL | = low-density lipoprotein | | NGT | = normal glucose tolerance | | NO | = nitric oxide | | OGTT | = oral glucose tolerance test | | TBARS | = thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
|
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Hanefeld, S. R. Bornstein, and F. Pistrosch
Shifting the Disease Management Paradigm From Glucose: What are the cons?
Diabetes Care,
November 1, 2009;
32(suppl_2):
S353 - S356.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Soylu, K. Ozdemir, M. A. Duzenli, M. Yazici, and M. Tokac
Impact on Diabetes Mellitus on the Epicardial Coronary Flow Velocity Assessed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame Count
Angiology,
August 1, 2009;
60(4):
431 - 440.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Lavi, A. Karasik, N. Koren-Morag, H. Kanety, M. S. Feinberg, and M. Shechter
The acute effect of various glycemic index dietary carbohydrates on endothelial function in nondiabetic overweight and obese subjects.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
June 16, 2009;
53(24):
2283 - 2287.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kosiborod, S. E. Inzucchi, J. A. Spertus, Y. Wang, F. A. Masoudi, E. P. Havranek, and H. M. Krumholz
Elevated Admission Glucose and Mortality in Elderly Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Circulation,
April 14, 2009;
119(14):
1899 - 1907.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Yang, V. E. Laubach, B. A. French, and I. L. Kron
Acute hyperglycemia enhances oxidative stress and exacerbates myocardial infarction by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase during reperfusion.
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.,
March 1, 2009;
137(3):
723 - 729.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Bjarnegard, H. J Arnqvist, T.;r. Lindstro;m, L. Jonasson, and T. Lanne
Long-term hyperglycaemia impairs vascular smooth muscle cell function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
January 1, 2009;
6(1):
25 - 31.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello
Cardiovascular effects of acute hyperglycaemia: pathophysiological underpinnings
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
November 1, 2008;
5(4):
260 - 268.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. P Weiss, H. Arif, D. T Villareal, E. Marzetti, and J. O Holloszy
Endothelial function after high-sugar-food ingestion improves with endurance exercise performed on the previous day
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
July 1, 2008;
88(1):
51 - 57.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Dickinson, D. P Hancock, P. Petocz, A. Ceriello, and J. Brand-Miller
High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
May 1, 2008;
87(5):
1188 - 1193.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello, K. Esposito, L. Piconi, M. A. Ihnat, J. E. Thorpe, R. Testa, M. Boemi, and D. Giugliano
Oscillating Glucose Is More Deleterious to Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress Than Mean Glucose in Normal and Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Diabetes,
May 1, 2008;
57(5):
1349 - 1354.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Esposito, M. Ciotola, D. Carleo, B. Schisano, L. Sardelli, D. Di Tommaso, L. Misso, F. Saccomanno, A. Ceriello, and D. Giugliano
Post-Meal Glucose Peaks at Home Associate with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
April 1, 2008;
93(4):
1345 - 1350.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. A. Lesniewski, A. J. Donato, B. J. Behnke, C. R. Woodman, M. H. Laughlin, C. A. Ray, and M. D. Delp
Decreased NO signaling leads to enhanced vasoconstrictor responsiveness in skeletal muscle arterioles of the ZDF rat prior to overt diabetes and hypertension
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
April 1, 2008;
294(4):
H1840 - H1850.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Deedwania, M. Kosiborod, E. Barrett, A. Ceriello, W. Isley, T. Mazzone, and P. Raskin
Hyperglycemia and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
Circulation,
March 25, 2008;
117(12):
1610 - 1619.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-e. Obata and K. Kugiyama
Reply.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
March 18, 2008;
51(11):
1125 - 1125.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. W. Nesto and R. M. Lago
Glucose: A Biomarker in Acute Myocardial Infarction Ready for Prime Time?
Circulation,
February 26, 2008;
117(8):
990 - 992.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kosiborod, S. E. Inzucchi, H. M. Krumholz, L. Xiao, P. G. Jones, S. Fiske, F. A. Masoudi, S. P. Marso, and J. A. Spertus
Glucometrics in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Defining the Optimal Outcomes-Based Measure of Risk
Circulation,
February 26, 2008;
117(8):
1018 - 1027.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Peter and A. Rees
Review: Postprandial glycaemia and cardiovascular risk
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
January 1, 2008;
8(1):
8 - 14.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. P. Naoumova, H. Kindler, L. Leccisotti, M. Mongillo, M. T. Khan, C. Neuwirth, M. Seed, P. Holvoet, J. Betteridge, and P. G. Camici
Pioglitazone Improves Myocardial Blood Flow and Glucose Utilization in Nondiabetic Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
November 20, 2007;
50(21):
2051 - 2058.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Mita, H. Watada, T. Shimizu, Y. Tamura, F. Sato, T. Watanabe, J. B. Choi, T. Hirose, Y. Tanaka, and R. Kawamori
Nateglinide Reduces Carotid Intima-Media Thickening in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Under Good Glycemic Control
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,
November 1, 2007;
27(11):
2456 - 2462.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Toth, A. Racz, J. Toth, P. M. Kaminski, M. S. Wolin, Z. Bagi, and A. Koller
Contribution of polyol pathway to arteriolar dysfunction in hyperglycemia. Role of oxidative stress, reduced NO, and enhanced PGH2/TXA2 mediation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
November 1, 2007;
293(5):
H3096 - H3104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Uribarri, A. Stirban, D. Sander, W. Cai, M. Negrean, C. E. Buenting, T. Koschinsky, and H. Vlassara
Single Oral Challenge by Advanced Glycation End Products Acutely Impairs Endothelial Function in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects
Diabetes Care,
October 1, 2007;
30(10):
2579 - 2582.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Zheng, M. Patel, R. Cable, L. Young, and S. D. Katz
Insulin Sensitivity, Vascular Function, and Iron Stores in Voluntary Blood Donors
Diabetes Care,
October 1, 2007;
30(10):
2685 - 2689.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Junor and K. C. Dellsperger
Can we use surrogate vascular beds for evaluating endothelial function of the coronary vasculature in patients with cardiac allografts?
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
July 1, 2007;
293(1):
H13 - H14.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. H. McNulty, M. A. Tulli, B. J. Robertson, V. Lendel, L. A. Harach, S. Scott, and J. P. Boehmer
Effect of simulated postprandial hyperglycemia on coronary blood flow in cardiac transplant recipients
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
July 1, 2007;
293(1):
H103 - H108.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. J Hamilton, G. T Chew, and G. F Watts
Therapeutic regulation of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
June 1, 2007;
4(2):
89 - 102.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Zarich and R. W. Nesto
Implications and Treatment of Acute Hyperglycemia in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Circulation,
May 8, 2007;
115(18):
e436 - e439.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Beckman, A. B. Goldfine, A. Dunaif, M. Gerhard-Herman, and M. A. Creager
Endothelial Function Varies According to Insulin Resistance Disease Type
Diabetes Care,
May 1, 2007;
30(5):
1226 - 1232.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. E. J. Lott, C. Hogeman, M. Herr, R. Gabbay, and L. I. Sinoway
Effects of an oral glucose tolerance test on the myogenic response in healthy individuals
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
January 1, 2007;
292(1):
H304 - H310.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. N Bavenholm and S. Efendic
Postprandial hyperglycaemia and vascular damage - the benefits of acarbose
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
September 1, 2006;
3(2):
72 - 79.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Yasuda, S. Miyazaki, M. Kanda, Y. Goto, M. Suzuki, Y. Harano, and H. Nonogi
Intensive treatment of risk factors in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with improvement of endothelial function coupled with a reduction in the levels of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase
Eur. Heart J.,
May 2, 2006;
27(10):
1159 - 1165.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Shimabukuro, N. Higa, I. Chinen, K. Yamakawa, and N. Takasu
Effects of a Single Administration of Acarbose on Postprandial Glucose Excursion and Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Crossover Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
March 1, 2006;
91(3):
837 - 842.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. S. Naik, L. Xiang, and R. L. Hester
Enhanced role for RhoA-associated kinase in adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction in gracilis arteries from obese Zucker rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
January 1, 2006;
290(1):
R154 - R161.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Scognamiglio, C. Negut, S. V. De Kreutzenberg, A. Tiengo, and A. Avogaro
Postprandial Myocardial Perfusion in Healthy Subjects and in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Circulation,
July 12, 2005;
112(2):
179 - 184.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. D. Beishuizen, J. T. Tamsma, J. W. Jukema, M. A. van de Ree, J. C. M. van der Vijver, A. E. Meinders, and M. V. Huisman
The Effect of Statin Therapy on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes Care,
July 1, 2005;
28(7):
1668 - 1674.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Capaldo, M. Galderisi, A. A. Turco, A. D'Errico, S. Turco, A. A. Rivellese, G. de Simone, O. de Divitiis, and G. Riccardi
Acute Hyperglycemia Does Not Affect the Reactivity of Coronary Microcirculation in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
July 1, 2005;
90(7):
3871 - 3876.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello, R. Assaloni, R. Da Ros, A. Maier, L. Piconi, L. Quagliaro, K. Esposito, and D. Giugliano
Effect of Atorvastatin and Irbesartan, Alone and in Combination, on Postprandial Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Circulation,
May 17, 2005;
111(19):
2518 - 2524.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. T. McMahon, J. Plutzky, E. Daher, T. Bhattacharyya, G. Grunberger, and M. F. DiCarli
Effect of a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} Agonist on Myocardial Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care,
May 1, 2005;
28(5):
1145 - 1150.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. L. Bots, J. Westerink, T. J. Rabelink, and E. J.P. de Koning
Assessment of flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery: effects of technical aspects of the FMD measurement on the FMD response
Eur. Heart J.,
February 2, 2005;
26(4):
363 - 368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. A. Kaufmann and P. G. Camici
Myocardial Blood Flow Measurement by PET: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications
J. Nucl. Med.,
January 1, 2005;
46(1):
75 - 88.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello
Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Complications: Is It Time to Treat?
Diabetes,
January 1, 2005;
54(1):
1 - 7.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M E Tushuizen, M Diamant, and R J Heine
Postprandial dysmetabolism and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Postgrad. Med. J.,
January 1, 2005;
81(951):
1 - 6.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. A. Mullan, C. N. Ennis, H. J. P. Fee, I. S. Young, and D. R. McCance
Protective effects of ascorbic acid on arterial hemodynamics during acute hyperglycemia
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
September 1, 2004;
287(3):
H1262 - H1268.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Bagi, E. Toth, A. Koller, and G. Kaley
Microvascular dysfunction after transient high glucose is caused by superoxide-dependent reduction in the bioavailability of NO and BH4
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
August 1, 2004;
287(2):
H626 - H633.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. M. Maggi, S. Raselli, L. Grigore, L. Redaelli, S. Fantappie, and A. L. Catapano
Lipoprotein Remnants and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Postprandial Phase
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2004;
89(6):
2946 - 2950.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. E. Otto, A. Svatikova, R. B. d. M. Barretto, S. Santos, M. Hoffmann, B. Khandheria, and V. Somers
Early Morning Attenuation of Endothelial Function in Healthy Humans
Circulation,
June 1, 2004;
109(21):
2507 - 2510.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Stranders, M. Diamant, R. E. van Gelder, H. J. Spruijt, J. W. R. Twisk, R. J. Heine, and F. C. Visser
Admission Blood Glucose Level as Risk Indicator of Death After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Arch Intern Med,
May 10, 2004;
164(9):
982 - 988.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello and E. Motz
Is Oxidative Stress the Pathogenic Mechanism Underlying Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease? The Common Soil Hypothesis Revisited
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,
May 1, 2004;
24(5):
816 - 823.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Hanefeld, J. L. Chiasson, C. Koehler, E. Henkel, F. Schaper, and T. Temelkova-Kurktschiev
Acarbose Slows Progression of Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Arteries in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Stroke,
May 1, 2004;
35(5):
1073 - 1078.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. N. Thomas, P. Chook, M. Qiao, X. S. Huang, H. C. Leong, D. S. Celermajer, and K. S. Woo
Deleterious Impact of "High Normal" Glucose Levels and Other Metabolic Syndrome Components on Arterial Endothelial Function and Intima-Media Thickness in Apparently Healthy Chinese Subjects: The CATHAY Study
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,
April 1, 2004;
24(4):
739 - 743.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Clement, S. S. Braithwaite, M. F. Magee, A. Ahmann, E. P. Smith, R. G. Schafer, and I. B. Hirsch
Management of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Hospitals
Diabetes Care,
February 1, 2004;
27(2):
553 - 591.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Raitakari, T. Ilvonen, M. Ahotupa, T. Lehtimaki, A. Harmoinen, P. Suominen, J. Elo, J. Hartiala, and O. T. Raitakari
Weight Reduction With Very-Low-Caloric Diet and Endothelial Function in Overweight Adults: Role of Plasma Glucose
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,
January 1, 2004;
24(1):
124 - 128.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. R. Singleton, A. G. Smith, J. W. Russell, and E. L. Feldman
Microvascular Complications of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Diabetes,
December 1, 2003;
52(12):
2867 - 2873.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-L. Chiasson, R. G. Josse, R. Gomis, M. Hanefeld, A. Karasik, and M. Laakso
Acarbose Treatment and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The STOP-NIDDM Trial
JAMA,
July 23, 2003;
290(4):
486 - 494.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Ihlemann, C. Rask-Madsen, A. Perner, H. Dominguez, T. Hermann, L. Kober, and C. Torp-Pedersen
Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial dysfunction induced by an oral glucose challenge in healthy subjects
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
July 11, 2003;
285(2):
H875 - H882.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
Diabetes Care,
June 1, 2003;
26(6):
1922 - 1926.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello
New Insights on Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications May Lead to a "Causal" Antioxidant Therapy
Diabetes Care,
May 1, 2003;
26(5):
1589 - 1596.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. F. Di Carli, J. Janisse, G. Grunberger, and J. Ager
Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
April 16, 2003;
41(8):
1387 - 1393.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. A. Kingwell, M. Formosa, M. Muhlmann, S. J. Bradley, and G. K. McConell
Type 2 Diabetic Individuals Have Impaired Leg Blood Flow Responses to Exercise: Role of endothelium-dependent vasodilation
Diabetes Care,
March 1, 2003;
26(3):
899 - 904.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Schiekofer, M. Andrassy, J. Chen, G. Rudofsky, J. Schneider, T. Wendt, N. Stefan, P. Humpert, A. Fritsche, M. Stumvoll, et al.
Acute Hyperglycemia Causes Intracellular Formation of CML and Activation of ras, p42/44 MAPK, and Nuclear Factor {kappa}B in PBMCs
Diabetes,
March 1, 2003;
52(3):
621 - 633.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S.-i. Koide, K. Kugiyama, S. Sugiyama, S.-i. Nakamura, H. Fukushima, O. Honda, M. Yoshimura, and H. Ogawa
Association of polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene with coronary vasomotor dysfunction and myocardial infarction
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
February 19, 2003;
41(4):
539 - 545.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. J Woodman, T. A Mori, V. Burke, I. B Puddey, G. F Watts, and L. J Beilin
Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
November 1, 2002;
76(5):
1007 - 1015.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ceriello, C. Taboga, L. Tonutti, L. Quagliaro, L. Piconi, B. Bais, R. Da Ros, and E. Motz
Evidence for an Independent and Cumulative Effect of Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia and Hyperglycemia on Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Generation: Effects of Short- and Long-Term Simvastatin Treatment
Circulation,
September 3, 2002;
106(10):
1211 - 1218.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. T. Bloomgarden
European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2001 Meeting
Diabetes Care,
July 1, 2002;
25(7):
1229 - 1236.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Paradisi, A. Biaggi, S. Ferrazzani, S. De Carolis, and A. Caruso
Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism During Pregnancy : Association with endothelial dysfunction
Diabetes Care,
March 1, 2002;
25(3):
560 - 564.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kelm
Flow-mediated dilatation in human circulation: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
January 1, 2002;
282(1):
H1 - H5.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. K. Koh, M. H. Kang, D. K. Jin, S.-K. Lee, J. Y. Ahn, H. Y. Hwang, S. H. Yang, D. S. Kim, T. H. Ahn, and E. K. Shin
Vascular effects of estrogen in type II diabetic postmenopausal women
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
November 1, 2001;
38(5):
1409 - 1415.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Imamura, S. Biro, T. Kihara, S. Yoshifuku, K. Takasaki, Y. Otsuji, S. Minagoe, Y. Toyama, and C. Tei
Repeated thermal therapy improves impaired vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary risk factors
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
October 1, 2001;
38(4):
1083 - 1088.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Iribarren, A. J. Karter, A. S. Go, A. Ferrara, J. Y. Liu, S. Sidney, and J. V. Selby
Glycemic Control and Heart Failure Among Adult Patients With Diabetes
Circulation,
June 5, 2001;
103(22):
2668 - 2673.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Beckman, A. B. Goldfine, M. B. Gordon, and M. A. Creager
Ascorbate Restores Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Impaired by Acute Hyperglycemia in Humans
Circulation,
March 27, 2001;
103(12):
1618 - 1623.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Naghavi, Z. Barlas, S. Siadaty, S. Naguib, M. Madjid, and W. Casscells
Association of Influenza Vaccination and Reduced Risk of Recurrent Myocardial Infarction
Circulation,
December 19, 2000;
102(25):
3039 - 3045.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. M. Title, P. M. Cummings, K. Giddens, and B. A. Nassar
Oral glucose loading acutely attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy adults without diabetes: an effect prevented by vitamins C and E
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
December 1, 2000;
36(7):
2185 - 2191.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Tomiyama, Y. Kimura, R. Okazaki, T. Kushiro, M. Abe, Y. Kuwabara, H. Yoshida, S. Kuwata, T. Kinouchi, and N. Doba
Close Relationship of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance With Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension
Hypertension,
August 1, 2000;
36(2):
245 - 249.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Beckman, A. B. Goldfine, M. B. Gordon, L. A. Garrett, and M. A. Creager
Inhibition of Protein Kinase C{beta} Prevents Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Caused by Hyperglycemia in Humans
Circ. Res.,
January 11, 2002;
90(1):
107 - 111.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|