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J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999; 33:1317-1322
© 1999 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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CLINICAL STUDIES

Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic debris as a marker of poor prognosis: benefit of oral anticoagulants

Emile Ferrari, MDa, Renaud Vidal, MDa, Thierry Chevallier, MDa and Marcel Baudouy, MDa

a Cardiology Department, Hopital Pasteur, Nice, France

Manuscript received July 30, 1998; revised manuscript received November 11, 1998, accepted December 24, 1998.

Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Emile Ferrari, 30 Avenue de la Voie Romaine, B.P. 69 06002 Nice, France
eferrari{at}unice.fr

OBJECTIVES

Our aim was to confirm the poor prognosis related to thoracic aortic plaques, in particular aortic debris, diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and to evaluate patients’ prognosis as a function of the antithrombotic treatment.

BACKGROUND

Aortic atheroma (AA) has been widely studied. However, it is still not known which antithrombotic treatment should be adopted in this disease.

METHODS

Patients referred for TEE and diagnosed with AA were followed. All thromboembolic events and deaths were recorded during a follow-up of 22 ± 10 months. The antithrombotic treatment to be adopted was left to the discretion of the practitioner in charge of the patient.

RESULTS

Aortic atheroma was found in 12% of all TEE performed and in 27.5% of TEE performed for stroke. This prevalence was higher when no other etiology existed to explain the stroke (p < 0.001). During follow-up, an end point occurred in 22.5% of patients. The more severe the AA the greater the incidence of events (p = 0.007). A higher mortality rate is shown in patients with aortic debris (p = 0.049). Compared with those treated with oral anticoagulants, patients with aortic plaques >4 mm thick treated with antiplatelets had more embolic events and combined events (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, relative risk [RR] = 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 to 15, respectively); patients with aortic debris had more combined events and a higher mortality rate (p = 0.001, RR = 7.1, 95% CI = 1.2 to 19 and p = 0.019, RR = 9.1, 95% CI = 1.2 to 25, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

We confirm the high incidence of vascular events and deaths in patients with AA. We have demonstrated, for the first time in this condition, a better outcome among patients treated with oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelets.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  AA = aortic atheroma
  APA = antiplatelet agents
  CI = confidence interval
  OAC = oral anticoagulants
  RR = relative risk
  TEE = transesophageal echocardiography




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