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CLINICAL STUDIES

Relevance of delayed hospital admission on development of cardiac rupture during acute myocardial infarction: study in 225 patients with free wall, septal or papillary muscle rupture

^a Unitat Coronària, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital General Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Manuscript received March 14, 1997; revised manuscript received January 30, 1998, accepted March 16, 1998.

Address for correspondence: Dr. Jaume Figueras, Unitat Coronària, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital General Vall d’Hebron, P. Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain

Objectives. We analyzed the possible relation between the presence of a hospital admission delay (24 h), undue physical effort or recurrence of anginal pain, alone or in combination, with the development of free wall rupture (FWR), septal rupture (SR) or papillary muscle rupture (PMR) in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Background. Physical activity as a trigger of FWR in AMI remains controversial, and its contribution to SR or PMR remains unknown. Moreover, the role of ischemia or reinfarction as an additional cause of rupture has not been explored.

Methods. The incidence of hospital admission delay 24 h with maintenance of some ambulatory activity and the incidence of postinfarction angina were analyzed in consecutive patients with a first AMI with (n = 225) or without rupture (n = 1,012 [control group]) over different time periods.

Results. An admission delay 24 h occurred in 27 (27.6%) of 98 patients with FWR, 47 (47.0%) of 100 with SR and 14 (51.9%) of 27 with PMR but in only 81 (8%) of 1,012 control patients (p < 0.0001). Information on undue in-hospital effort preceding rupture was available for 111 patients and was present in 17 (32.7%) of 52 with FWR, 9 (18.4%) of 49 with SR and 3 (30%) of 10 with PMR versus only 76 (7.5%) of 1,012 control patients (p < 0.001). Information on postinfarction anginal pain was available for 114 patients with rupture and occurred in 30 (56.6%) of 53 with FWR, 30 (60%) of 50 with SR and 4 (36.4%) of 11 with PMR versus 120 (11.9%) of 1,012 control patients (p < 0.0001). Mean age and incidence of male gender, hypertension, absence of heart failure, single-vessel disease or occlusion of the infarct-related artery were comparable among the groups with FWR, SR or PMR.

Conclusions. Delayed hospital admission or undue in-hospital physical activity appears to increase the risk of rupture in patients prone to this complication (i.e., a first transmural AMI, absence of overt heart failure and advanced age); recurrence of ischemia/infarction emerges as a potential additional trigger in a proportion of these patients.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   AMI = acute myocardial infarction   CK = creatine kinase   ECG = electrocardiogram, electrocardiographic   FWR = left ventricular free wall rupture   PMR = papillary muscle rupture   SR = septal rupture

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