Endothelial dysfunction: does it matter? Is it reversible?

Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia. davidc@card.rpa.cs.nsw.gov.au

Until recently, the endothelium was regarded as a relatively inert cell layer. However, over the past 20 years, research has revealed an extraordinary array of endothelial functions, including control over coagulation, fibrinolysis, arterial tone and vascular growth. Importantly, endothelial dysfunction has been implicated as a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, coronary vasoconstriction and, probably, myocardial ischemia. The recent demonstration that endothelial dysfunction may be reversible raises the possibility of slowing the progression of atherosclerosis or modifying arterial function, or both, to decrease the risk of acute cardiovascular events.

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				H. Miyazaki, H. Matsuoka, H. Itabe, M. Usui, S. Ueda, S. Okuda, and T. Imaizumi Hemodialysis Impairs Endothelial Function via Oxidative Stress : Effects of Vitamin E-Coated Dialyzer Circulation, March 7, 2000; 101(9): 1002 - 1006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Manzi, L H Kuller, D Edmundowicz, and K Sutton-Tyrrell Vascular imaging: changing the face of cardiovascular research Lupus, March 1, 2000; 9(3): 176 - 182. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. R. Rinder, R. J. Spina, and A. A. Ehsani Enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in older endurance-trained men J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 761 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Lavrencic, B. G. Salobir, and I. Keber Physical Training Improves Flow-Mediated Dilation in Patients With the Polymetabolic Syndrome Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2000; 20(2): 551 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Bagg, G.D. Braatvedt, and N. Sharpe A complex relationship: glucose, insulin and coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2000; 21(1): 8 - 9. [PDF]

				J. H. Stein, J. G. Keevil, D. A. Wiebe, S. Aeschlimann, and J. D. Folts Purple Grape Juice Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces the Susceptibility of LDL Cholesterol to Oxidation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, September 7, 1999; 100(10): 1050 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Lekakis, C. Papamichael, K. Stamatelopoulos, A. Cimponeriu, A. Voutsas, K. Vemmos, M. Mavrikakis, and S. Stamatelopoulos Hemochromatosis associated with endothelial dysfunction: evidence for the role of iron stores in early atherogenesis Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1999; 4(3): 147 - 148. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. B. Schnell, A. Robertson, D. Houston, L. Malley, and T. J. Anderson Impaired brachial artery endothelial function is not predicted by elevated triglycerides J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 1999; 33(7): 2038 - 2043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. T. Raitakari, M. R. Adams, R. J. McCredie, K. A. Griffiths, and D. S. Celermajer Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction Related to Passive Smoking Is Potentially Reversible in Healthy Young Adults Ann Intern Med, April 6, 1999; 130(7): 578 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. T. Raitakari, M. R. Adams, and D. S. Celermajer Effect of Lp(a) on the Early Functional and Structural Changes of Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1999; 19(4): 990 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Miyazaki, H. Matsuoka, J. P. Cooke, M. Usui, S. Ueda, S. Okuda, and T. Imaizumi Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor : A Novel Marker of Atherosclerosis Circulation, March 9, 1999; 99(9): 1141 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Dorup, K. Skajaa, and K. E. Sorensen Normal pregnancy is associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): H821 - H825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]