Evaluation of diastolic filling of left ventricle in health and disease: Doppler echocardiography is the clinician's Rosetta Stone
RA Nishimura
and
AJ Tajik
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Abnormalities of diastolic function have a major role in producing the signs and symptoms of heart failure. However, diastolic function of the heart is a complex sequence of multiple interrelated events, and it has been difficult to understand, diagnose and treat the various abnormalities of diastolic filling that occur in patients with heart disease. Recently, Doppler echocardiography has been used to examine the different diastolic filling patterns of the left ventricle in health and disease, but confusion about diagnosis and treatment options has arisen because of the misinterpretation of these flow velocity curves. This review presents a simplified approach to understanding the process of diastolic filling of the left ventricle and interpreting the Doppler flow velocity curves as they relate to this process. It has been hypothesized that transmitral flow velocity curves show a progression over time with diseases involving the myocardium. This concept can be applied clinically to estimate left ventricular filling pressures and to predict prognosis in selected groups of patients. Specific therapy for diastolic dysfunction based on Doppler flow velocity curves is discussed.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
Q. Ciampi, B. Petruzziello, M. D. Porta, S. Caputo, V. Manganiello, C. Astarita, and B. Villari
Effect of intraventricular dyssynchrony on diastolic function and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure
Eur J Echocardiogr,
December 1, 2009;
10(8):
907 - 913.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Moreo, G. Ambrosio, B. De Chiara, M. Pu, T. Tran, F. Mauri, and S. V. Raman
Influence of Myocardial Fibrosis on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Noninvasive Assessment by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Echo
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,
November 1, 2009;
2(6):
437 - 443.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. G. Teo, H. Yang, P. Chai, and T. C. Yeo
Impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial volume and function: a volumetric analysis
Eur J Echocardiogr,
October 13, 2009;
(2009)
jep153v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Pavlopoulos and P. Nihoyannopoulos
Left atrial size: a structural expression of abnormal left ventricular segmental relaxation evaluated by strain echocardiography
Eur J Echocardiogr,
October 1, 2009;
10(7):
865 - 871.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. B. Shah, W. J. Kop, R. H. Christenson, D. B. Diercks, D. Kuo, S. Henderson, K. Hanson, S.-Y. Li, and C. R. deFilippi
Natriuretic peptides and echocardiography in acute dyspnoea: implication of elevated levels with normal systolic function
Eur J Heart Fail,
July 1, 2009;
11(7):
659 - 667.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. D. J. Ten Harkel, K. Cransberg, M. Van Osch-Gevers, and J. Nauta
Diastolic dysfunction in paediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis and after renal transplantation
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.,
June 1, 2009;
24(6):
1987 - 1991.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Pavlopoulos and P. Nihoyannopoulos
Pulse pressure/stroke volume: a surrogate index of arterial stiffness and the relation to segmental relaxation and longitudinal systolic deformation in hypertensive disease
Eur J Echocardiogr,
June 1, 2009;
10(4):
519 - 526.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Mogelvang, P. Sogaard, S. A. Pedersen, N. T. Olsen, J. L. Marott, P. Schnohr, J. P. Goetze, and J. S. Jensen
Cardiac Dysfunction Assessed by Echocardiographic Tissue Doppler Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in the General Population
Circulation,
May 26, 2009;
119(20):
2679 - 2685.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. E. Hofsten, B. B. Logstrup, J. E. Moller, P. A. Pellikka, and K. Egstrup
Abnormal glucose metabolism in acute myocardial infarction influence on left ventricular function and prognosis.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img.,
May 1, 2009;
2(5):
592 - 599.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Vazquez, A. Bayes-Genis, I. Cygankiewicz, D. Pascual-Figal, L. Grigorian-Shamagian, R. Pavon, J. R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, J. M. Cubero, L. Pastor, J. Ordonez-Llanos, et al.
The MUSIC Risk score: a simple method for predicting mortality in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure
Eur. Heart J.,
May 1, 2009;
30(9):
1088 - 1096.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, K. Michl, et al.
2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
April 14, 2009;
53(15):
e1 - e90.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
2005 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, et al.
2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
Circulation,
April 14, 2009;
119(14):
e391 - e479.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Jiamsripong, A. M. Calleja, M. S. Alharthi, E. J. Cho, E. M. McMahon, J. J. Heys, M. Milano, P. P. Sengupta, B. K. Khandheria, and M. Belohlavek
Increase in the Late Diastolic Filling Force Is Associated With Impaired Transmitral Flow Efficiency in Acute Moderate Elevation of Left Ventricular Afterload
J. Ultrasound Med.,
February 1, 2009;
28(2):
175 - 182.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Mullens, A. G. Borowski, R. J. Curtin, J. D. Thomas, and W.H. Tang
Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Intracardiac Filling Pressure in Decompensated Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure
Circulation,
January 6, 2009;
119(1):
62 - 70.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. P. Flagg, O. Cazorla, M. S. Remedi, T. E. Haim, M. A. Tones, A. Bahinski, R. E. Numann, A. Kovacs, J. E. Schaffer, C. G. Nichols, et al.
Ca2+-Independent Alterations in Diastolic Sarcomere Length and Relaxation Kinetics in a Mouse Model of Lipotoxic Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Circ. Res.,
January 2, 2009;
104(1):
95 - 103.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Meris, M. Amigoni, H. Uno, J. J. Thune, A. Verma, L. Kober, M. Bourgoun, J. J. McMurray, E. J. Velazquez, A. P. Maggioni, et al.
Left atrial remodelling in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: the VALIANT Echo Study
Eur. Heart J.,
January 1, 2009;
30(1):
56 - 65.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Marabotti, A. Scalzini, D. Cialoni, M. Passera, A. L'Abbate, and R. Bedini
Cardiac changes induced by immersion and breath-hold diving in humans
J Appl Physiol,
January 1, 2009;
106(1):
293 - 297.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. B. Shah, W. J. Kop, R. H. Christenson, D. B. Diercks, D. Kuo, S. Henderson, K. Hanson, M. R. Mehra, and C. R. deFilippi
Lack of Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of Circulating Plasma Myeloperoxidase Concentrations in Patients Presenting with Dyspnea
Clin. Chem.,
January 1, 2009;
55(1):
59 - 67.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Castelvecchio, L. Menicanti, M. Ranucci, and M. Di Donato
Impact of Surgical Ventricular Restoration on Diastolic Function: Implications of Shape and Residual Ventricular Size
Ann. Thorac. Surg.,
December 1, 2008;
86(6):
1849 - 1854.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Mahmood, A. Christie, and R. Matyal
Transesophageal Echocardiography and Noncardiac Surgery
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia,
December 1, 2008;
12(4):
265 - 289.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Aijaz, K. A. Ammar, F. Lopez-Jimenez, M. M. Redfield, S. J. Jacobsen, and R. J. Rodeheffer
Abnormal Cardiac Structure and Function in the Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
December 1, 2008;
83(12):
1350 - 1357.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Iles, H. Pfluger, A. Phrommintikul, J. Cherayath, P. Aksit, S. N. Gupta, D. M. Kaye, and A. J. Taylor
Evaluation of Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis in Heart Failure With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Contrast-Enhanced T1 Mapping
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
November 4, 2008;
52(19):
1574 - 1580.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Pavlopoulos, J. Grapsa, E. Stefanadi, E. Philippou, D. Dawson, and P. Nihoyannopoulos
Is it only diastolic dysfunction? Segmental relaxation patterns and longitudinal systolic deformation in systemic hypertension
Eur J Echocardiogr,
November 1, 2008;
9(6):
741 - 747.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K Chintala, Z Tian, W Du, D Donaghue, and J Rychik
Fetal pulmonary venous Doppler patterns in hypoplastic left heart syndrome: relationship to atrial septal restriction
Heart,
November 1, 2008;
94(11):
1446 - 1449.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Groban, H. Jobe, M. Lin, T. Houle, D. A. Kitzman, and W. Sonntag
Effects of Short-Term Treadmill Exercise Training or Growth Hormone Supplementation on Diastolic Function and Exercise Tolerance in Old Rats
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
September 1, 2008;
63(9):
911 - 920.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. A.W. Anderson, L. A. Sleeper, L. Mahony, S. D. Colan, A. M. Atz, R. E. Breitbart, W. M. Gersony, D. Gallagher, T. Geva, R. Margossian, et al.
Contemporary Outcomes After the Fontan Procedure: A Pediatric Heart Network Multicenter Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
July 8, 2008;
52(2):
85 - 98.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. M. Paridon, P. D. Mitchell, S. D. Colan, R. V. Williams, A. Blaufox, J. S. Li, R. Margossian, S. Mital, J. Russell, J. Rhodes, et al.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Exercise Performance During the First 2 Decades of Life After the Fontan Operation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
July 8, 2008;
52(2):
99 - 107.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Pinamonti, A. Di Lenarda, G. Nucifora, D. Gregori, A. Perkan, and G. Sinagra
Incremental prognostic value of restrictive filling pattern in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a Doppler echocardiographic study
Eur J Echocardiogr,
July 1, 2008;
9(4):
466 - 471.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Tzemos, P. O. Lim, S. Wong, A. D. Struthers, and T. M. MacDonald
Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Acute Salt Loading in Young Normotensive Individuals
Hypertension,
June 1, 2008;
51(6):
1525 - 1530.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. St John Sutton
Quest for Diastolic Prognostic Indicators of Clinical Outcome After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Circulation,
May 20, 2008;
117(20):
2570 - 2572.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Meta-Analysis Research Group in Echocardiography (
Independent Prognostic Importance of a Restrictive Left Ventricular Filling Pattern After Myocardial Infarction: An Individual Patient Meta-Analysis: Meta-Analysis Research Group in Echocardiography Acute Myocardial Infarction
Circulation,
May 20, 2008;
117(20):
2591 - 2598.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Silvilairat, R. Sittiwangkul, Y. Pongprot, P. Charoenkwan, and C. Phornphutkul
Tissue Doppler echocardiography reliably reflects severity of iron overload in pediatric patients with {beta} thalassemia
Eur J Echocardiogr,
May 1, 2008;
9(3):
368 - 372.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Westermann, M. Kasner, P. Steendijk, F. Spillmann, A. Riad, K. Weitmann, W. Hoffmann, W. Poller, M. Pauschinger, H.-P. Schultheiss, et al.
Role of Left Ventricular Stiffness in Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction
Circulation,
April 22, 2008;
117(16):
2051 - 2060.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Koitabashi, M. Arai, K. Niwano, A. Watanabe, M. Endoh, M. Suguta, T. Yokoyama, H. Tada, T. Toyama, H. Adachi, et al.
Plasma connective tissue growth factor is a novel potential biomarker of cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure
Eur J Heart Fail,
April 1, 2008;
10(4):
373 - 379.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Masutani, W. C. Little, H. Hasegawa, H.-J. Cheng, and C.-P. Cheng
Restrictive Left Ventricular Filling Pattern Does Not Result From Increased Left Atrial Pressure Alone
Circulation,
March 25, 2008;
117(12):
1550 - 1554.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. J. Lester, A. J. Tajik, R. A. Nishimura, J. K. Oh, B. K. Khandheria, and J. B. Seward
Unlocking the Mysteries of Diastolic Function Deciphering the Rosetta Stone 10 Years Later.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
February 19, 2008;
51(7):
679 - 689.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Kanemitsu, S. Takai, H. Tsuneyoshi, E. Yoshikawa, T. Nishina, M. Miyazaki, T. Ikeda, and M. Komeda
Chronic chymase inhibition preserves cardiac function after left ventricular repair in rats
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.,
January 1, 2008;
33(1):
25 - 31.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Groban, L. M. Yamaleyeva, B. M. Westwood, T. T. Houle, M. Lin, D. W. Kitzman, and M. C. Chappell
Progressive Diastolic Dysfunction in the Female mRen(2).Lewis Rat: Influence of Salt and Ovarian Hormones
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
January 1, 2008;
63(1):
3 - 11.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Hager, S. Fratz, M. Schwaiger, R. Lange, J. Hess, and H. Stern
Pulmonary Blood Flow Patterns in Patients With Fontan Circulation
Ann. Thorac. Surg.,
January 1, 2008;
85(1):
186 - 191.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Enriquez-Sarano, V. T. Nkomo, and H. Michelena
Principles and Practice of Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery
Card. Surg. Adult,
January 1, 2008;
3(2008):
315 - 348.
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Zamirian, A. Aslani, and M. B. Sharifkazemi
Prediction of intrapulmonary right to left shunt with left atrial size in patients with liver cirrhosis
Eur J Echocardiogr,
January 1, 2008;
9(1):
1 - 4.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Codognotto, A. Piccoli, M. Zaninotto, M. Mion, M. Plebani, U. Vertolli, F. Tona, L. Ruzza, A. Barchita, and G. M. Boffa
Renal Dysfunction Is a Confounder for Plasma Natriuretic Peptides in Detecting Heart Dysfunction in Uremic and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies
Clin. Chem.,
December 1, 2007;
53(12):
2097 - 2104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Wang, D. S. Khoury, Y. Yue, G. Torre-Amione, and S. F. Nagueh
Left Ventricular Untwisting Rate by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Circulation,
November 27, 2007;
116(22):
2580 - 2586.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Sestili, C. Coletta, V. Manno, S. Perna, M. Renzi, P. Romano, R. Ricci, and V. Ceci
Restrictive mitral inflow pattern is a strong independent predictor of lack of viable myocardium after a first acute myocardial infarction
Eur J Echocardiogr,
October 1, 2007;
8(5):
332 - 440.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Verma, N. S. Anavekar, A. Meris, J. J. Thune, J. M. O. Arnold, J. K. Ghali, E. J. Velazquez, J. J.V. McMurray, M. A. Pfeffer, and S. D. Solomon
The Relationship Between Renal Function and Cardiac Structure, Function, and Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction: The VALIANT Echo Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
September 25, 2007;
50(13):
1238 - 1245.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Carlhall, K. Kindberg, L. Wigstrom, G. T. Daughters, D. C. Miller, M. Karlsson, and N. B. Ingels Jr
Contribution of mitral annular dynamics to LV diastolic filling with alteration in preload and inotropic state
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
September 1, 2007;
293(3):
H1473 - H1479.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kasner, D. Westermann, P. Steendijk, R. Gaub, U. Wilkenshoff, K. Weitmann, W. Hoffmann, W. Poller, H.-P. Schultheiss, M. Pauschinger, et al.
Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction: A Comparative Doppler-Conductance Catheterization Study
Circulation,
August 7, 2007;
116(6):
637 - 647.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. B. Ratcliffe and T. S. Guy
The effect of preoperative diastolic dysfunction on outcome after surgical ventricular remodeling
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.,
August 1, 2007;
134(2):
280 - 283.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Bayes-Genis, R. Vazquez, T. Puig, C. Fernandez-Palomeque, J. Fabregat, A. Bardaji, D. Pascual-Figal, J. Ordonez-Llanos, M. Valdes, A. Gabarrus, et al.
Left atrial enlargement and NT-proBNP as predictors of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure
Eur J Heart Fail,
August 1, 2007;
9(8):
802 - 807.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. M. Barbosa, M. d. C. P. Nunes, A. L. P. Ribeiro, M. M. Barral, and M. O. C. Rocha
N-terminal proBNP levels in patients with Chagas disease: A marker of systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle
Eur J Echocardiogr,
June 1, 2007;
8(3):
204 - 212.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Shingu, N. Shiiya, T. Mikami, K. Matsuzaki, T. Kunihara, and Y. Matsui
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Chronic Aortic Dissection
Ann. Thorac. Surg.,
April 1, 2007;
83(4):
1356 - 1360.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. K. Stein, L. Tereshchenko, P. P. Domitrovich, R. E. Kleiger, A. Perez, and P. Deedwania
Diastolic dysfunction and autonomic abnormalities in patients with systolic heart failure
Eur J Heart Fail,
April 1, 2007;
9(4):
364 - 369.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Wang, D. S. Khoury, V. Thohan, G. Torre-Amione, and S. F. Nagueh
Global Diastolic Strain Rate for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Relaxation and Filling Pressures
Circulation,
March 20, 2007;
115(11):
1376 - 1383.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. Sachdev, R. F. Machado, Y. Shizukuda, Y. N. Rao, S. Sidenko, I. Ernst, M. St. Peter, W. A. Coles, D. R. Rosing, W. C. Blackwelder, et al.
Diastolic Dysfunction Is an Independent Risk Factor for Death in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
January 30, 2007;
49(4):
472 - 479.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. P. Shapiro, M. D. McGoon, and M. M. Redfield
Unexplained Pulmonary Hypertension in Elderly Patients
Chest,
January 1, 2007;
131(1):
94 - 100.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Galderisi
Diastolic Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Evaluation by Doppler Echocardiography
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
October 17, 2006;
48(8):
1548 - 1551.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W P Abhayaratna, T H Marwick, W T Smith, and N G Becker
Characteristics of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the community: an echocardiographic survey
Heart,
September 1, 2006;
92(9):
1259 - 1264.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Osranek, K. Fatema, F. Qaddoura, A. Al-Saileek, M. E. Barnes, K. R. Bailey, B. J. Gersh, T. S.M. Tsang, K. J. Zehr, and J. B. Seward
Left Atrial Volume Predicts the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
August 15, 2006;
48(4):
779 - 786.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. E. Moller, P. A. Pellikka, G. S. Hillis, and J. K. Oh
Prognostic Importance of Diastolic Function and Filling Pressure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Circulation,
August 1, 2006;
114(5):
438 - 444.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. D'Andrea, P. Caso, S. Severino, S. Cuomo, G. Capozzi, P. Calabro, G. Cice, L. Ascione, M. Scherillo, and R. Calabro
Prognostic value of intra-left ventricular electromechanical asynchrony in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Eur. Heart J.,
June 1, 2006;
27(11):
1311 - 1318.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. M. McKie, R. J. Rodeheffer, A. Cataliotti, F. L. Martin, L. H. Urban, D. W. Mahoney, S. J. Jacobsen, M. M. Redfield, and J. C. Burnett Jr
Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide: Biomarkers for Mortality in a Large Community-Based Cohort Free of Heart Failure
Hypertension,
May 1, 2006;
47(5):
874 - 880.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Eerola, E. Jokinen, T. Boldt, and J. Pihkala
The Influence of Percutaneous Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus on Left Ventricular Size and Function: A Prospective Study Using Two- and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography and Measurements of Serum Natriuretic Peptides
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
March 7, 2006;
47(5):
1060 - 1066.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
O. Kamp
Advanced Systolic and Diastolic Function: Beyond the E-and A-wave
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia,
March 1, 2006;
10(1):
63 - 65.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A D'Andrea, P Caso, S Cuomo, G Salerno, R Scarafile, C Mita, G De Corato, B Sarubbi, M Scherillo, R Calabro, et al.
Prognostic value of intra-left ventricular electromechanical asynchrony in patients with mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with power athletes * Commentary.
Br. J. Sports Med.,
March 1, 2006;
40(3):
244 - 250.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. K. Oh, L. Hatle, A. J. Tajik, and W. C. Little
Diastolic Heart Failure Can Be Diagnosed by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
February 7, 2006;
47(3):
500 - 506.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Q. Ruan, L. Rao, K. J. Middleton, D. S. Khoury, and S. F. Nagueh
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by early diastolic mitral annulus peak acceleration rate: experimental studies and clinical application
J Appl Physiol,
February 1, 2006;
100(2):
679 - 684.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. H Rutten, K. G M Moons, M.-J. M Cramer, D. E Grobbee, N. P A Zuithoff, J.-W. J Lammers, and A. W Hoes
Recognising heart failure in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care: cross sectional diagnostic study
BMJ,
December 10, 2005;
331(7529):
1379.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P M Mottram, B A Haluska, R Leano, S Carlier, C Case, and T H Marwick
Relation of arterial stiffness to diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease
Heart,
December 1, 2005;
91(12):
1551 - 1556.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Groban and S. Y. Dolinski
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Diastolic Function
Chest,
November 1, 2005;
128(5):
3652 - 3663.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. M. Redfield, S. J. Jacobsen, B. A. Borlaug, R. J. Rodeheffer, and D. A. Kass
Age- and Gender-Related Ventricular-Vascular Stiffening: A Community-Based Study
Circulation,
October 11, 2005;
112(15):
2254 - 2262.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Dernellis and M. Panaretou
Effects of Levosimendan on Restrictive Left Ventricular Filling in Severe Heart Failure: A Combined Hemodynamic and Doppler Echocardiographic Study
Chest,
October 1, 2005;
128(4):
2633 - 2639.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. H. Rutten, M.-J. M. Cramer, D. E. Grobbee, A. P.E. Sachs, J. H. Kirkels, J.-W. J. Lammers, and A. W. Hoes
Unrecognized heart failure in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Eur. Heart J.,
September 2, 2005;
26(18):
1887 - 1894.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Slama, J. Ahn, M. Peltier, J. Maizel, D. Chemla, J. Varagic, D. Susic, C. Tribouilloy, and E. D. Frohlich
Validation of echocardiographic and Doppler indexes of left ventricular relaxation in adult hypertensive and normotensive rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
September 1, 2005;
289(3):
H1131 - H1136.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M Yoshiyama, Y Nakamura, T Omura, Y Izumi, R Matsumoto, S Oda, K Takeuchi, S Kim, H Iwao, and J Yoshikawa
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor prevents left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction in angiotensin II type 1 receptor knockout mice
Heart,
August 1, 2005;
91(8):
1080 - 1085.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. G. Steg, L. Joubin, J. McCord, W. T. Abraham, J. E. Hollander, T. Omland, F. Mentre, P. A. McCullough, A. S. Maisel, and for the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Echocardiographic Determination of Ejection Fraction in the Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Dyspnea
Chest,
July 1, 2005;
128(1):
21 - 29.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Q. Ruan and S. F Nagueh
Effect of age on left ventricular systolic function in humans: a study of systolic isovolumic acceleration rate
Exp Physiol,
July 1, 2005;
90(4):
527 - 534.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. K. Oh
Echocardiography as a Noninvasive Swan-Ganz Catheter
Circulation,
June 21, 2005;
111(24):
3192 - 3194.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Diwan, M. McCulloch, G. M. Lawrie, M. J. Reardon, and S. F. Nagueh
Doppler Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures in Patients With Mitral Valve Disease
Circulation,
June 21, 2005;
111(24):
3281 - 3289.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Hedman, B. A. Samad, T. Larsson, E. Zuber, R. Nordlander, and M. Alam
Improvement in diastolic left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting as assessed by recordings of mitral annular velocity using Doppler tissue imaging
Eur J Echocardiogr,
June 1, 2005;
6(3):
202 - 209.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Schmidt, F. Hinder, H. Van Aken, G. Theilmeier, C. Bruch, S. P. Wirtz, H. Burkle, T. Guhs, M. Rothenburger, and E. Berendes
The Effect of High Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia on Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Anesth. Analg.,
June 1, 2005;
100(6):
1561 - 1569.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Haney, D. Sur, and Z. Xu
Diastolic Heart Failure: A Review and Primary Care Perspective
J Am Board Fam Med,
May 1, 2005;
18(3):
189 - 198.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S H Poulsen, N H Andersen, L Heickendorff, and C E Mogensen
Relation between plasma amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III and left ventricular longitudinal strain in essential hypertension
Heart,
May 1, 2005;
91(5):
624 - 629.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. M Mottram and T. H Marwick
Assessment of diastolic function: what the general cardiologist needs to know
Heart,
May 1, 2005;
91(5):
681 - 695.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|