Tricuspid regurgitation: noninvasive techniques for determining causes and severity
NL DePace,
J Ross,
AS Iskandrian,
PF Nestico,
MN Kotler,
GS Mintz,
BL Segal,
AH Hakki,
and
J Morganroth
Tricuspid regurgitation is often not apparent on physical examination and several methods are now available to aid in this difficult assessment. Cardiac catheterization using right ventriculography, previously considered the diagnostic standard, has several limitations. Currently available noninvasive tools such as M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (with or without contrast), Doppler techniques and even radionuclide cardiologic imaging have added significantly to the precise assessment of the presence and severity of tricuspid regurgitation. This review examines the comparative use and limitations of these various techniques.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
W. A. Zoghbi, M. Enriquez-Sarano, E. Foster, P. A. Grayburn, C. D. Kraft, R. A. Levine, P. Nihoyannopoulos, C. M. Otto, M. A. Quinones, H. Rakowski, et al.
American Society of Echocardiography: recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography : A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Nomenclature and Standards Committee and The Task Force on Valvular Regurgitation, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Echocardiography Committee, The Cardiac Imaging Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, The American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Echocardiography, represented by:
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,
December 1, 2003;
4(4):
237 - 261.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Waggoner, J. E. Perez, B. Barzilai, and N. Cash
Tricuspid Regurgitation: The Importance of Combining Two-Dimensional Echocardiography, Color Flow Imaging, and Contrast-Enhanced Continuous Wave Doppler in Assessment of Severity
Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography,
November 1, 1989;
5(6):
302 - 308.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Codd, J. Drozda, and J. Merjavy
Palliation of Carcinoid Heart Disease
Arch Surg,
September 1, 1987;
122(9):
1076 - 1077.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Missri, U. Agnarsson, and J. Sverrisson
The Clinical Spectrum of Tricuspid Regurgitation Detected by Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography
Angiology,
October 1, 1985;
36(10):
746 - 753.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
