Cell adhesion molecules in coronary artery disease

Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland, Ohio.

To date, six families of cell adhesion molecules are known. These are cell surface receptors that mediate adhesion of cells to each other or to components of the extracellular matrix and include integrins, selectins, the immunoglobulin superfamily, cadherins, proteoglycans and mucins. These cell adhesion molecules play a key role in cell-cell interaction (such as among endothelium, monocytes, smooth muscle cells and platelets) and cell-extracellular matrix interaction (such as between leukocytes, platelets or fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix). The importance of these interactions has recently been demonstrated in clinical trials with the use of an antibody fragment directed against the platelet alpha IIb beta IIIa integrin, with reduction of arterial thrombosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. A fundamental role for cell adhesion molecules has been suggested for several other relevant disease processes, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, reperfusion injury and allograft vasculopathy. This review focuses on providing the clinically relevant biology of these families of adhesion molecules, setting the foundation for delineation of their emerging role in cardiovascular therapeutics.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. E. Hastings, R. E. Feaver, M. Y. Lee, B. R. Wamhoff, and B. R. Blackman Human IL-8 Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell VCAM-1 Expression in Response to Endothelial Cells Exposed to Atheroprone Flow Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2009; 29(5): 725 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Khaleghi, Z. Ali, T. H. Mosley Jr., S. T. Turner, and I. J. Kullo Association of Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules with Ankle-Brachial Index in a Biethnic Cohort of Predominantly Hypertensive Individuals Clin. Chem., November 1, 2008; 54(11): 1788 - 1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Suliman, M. I. Yilmaz, J. J. Carrero, A. R. Qureshi, M. Saglam, O. M. Ipcioglu, M. Yenicesu, M. Tong, O. Heimburger, P. Barany, et al. Novel Links between the Long Pentraxin 3, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Albuminuria in Early and Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2008; 3(4): 976 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. Doran, N. Meller, and C. A. McNamara Role of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Initiation and Early Progression of Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2008; 28(5): 812 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C Stumpf, C Lehner, D Raaz, A Yilmaz, T Anger, W G Daniel, and C D Garlichs Platelets contribute to enhanced MCP-1 levels in patients with chronic heart failure Heart, January 1, 2008; 94(1): 65 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Graham, M. W. McBride, M. Gaasenbeek, K. Gilday, E. Beattie, W. H. Miller, J. D. McClure, J. M. Polke, A. Montezano, R. M. Touyz, et al. Candidate Genes That Determine Response to Salt in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: Congenic Analysis Hypertension, December 1, 2007; 50(6): 1134 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Patti, M. Chello, V. Pasceri, D. Colonna, A. Nusca, M. Miglionico, A. D'Ambrosio, E. Covino, and G. Di Sciascio Protection From Procedural Myocardial Injury by Atorvastatin Is Associated With Lower Levels of Adhesion Molecules After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From the ARMYDA-CAMs (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty-Cell Adhesion Molecules) Substudy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 17, 2006; 48(8): 1560 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Thorand, J. Baumert, L. Chambless, C. Meisinger, H. Kolb, A. Doring, H. Lowel, W. Koenig, and for the MONICA/KORA Study Group Elevated Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction Predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Men and Women From the General Population Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2006; 26(2): 398 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.J. Chapman Are the effects of statins on HDL-cholesterol clinically relevant? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., July 1, 2004; 6(suppl_C): C58 - C63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Kamiya, T. Ushijima, K. Mukai, C. Ikeda, K. Ueyama, and G. Watanabe Late patency of the left internal thoracic artery graft in patients with and without previous successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, March 1, 2004; 3(1): 110 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ceriello, L. Quagliaro, L. Piconi, R. Assaloni, R. Da Ros, A. Maier, K. Esposito, and D. Giugliano Effect of Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia and Hyperglycemia on Circulating Adhesion Molecules and Oxidative Stress Generation and the Possible Role of Simvastatin Treatment Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 701 - 710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Martiskainen, T. Pohjasvaara, J. Mikkelsson, R. Mantyla, T. Kunnas, P. Laippala, E. Ilveskoski, M. Kaste, P.J. Karhunen, and T. Erkinjuntti Fibrinogen Gene Promoter -455 A Allele as a Risk Factor for Lacunar Stroke Stroke, April 1, 2003; 34(4): 886 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Rezaie-Majd, G. W. Prager, R. A. Bucek, G. H. Schernthaner, T. Maca, H.-G. Kress, P. Valent, B. R. Binder, E. Minar, and M. Baghestanian Simvastatin Reduces the Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Circulating Monocytes From Hypercholesterolemic Patients Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2003; 23(3): 397 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. K. Das Cardioprotection With High-Density Lipoproteins: Fact or Fiction? Circ. Res., February 21, 2003; 92(3): 258 - 260. [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Versaci, A. Gaspardone, F. Tomai, F. Ribichini, P. Russo, I. Proietti, A. S. Ghini, V. Ferrero, L. Chiariello, P. Agostino Gioffre, et al. Immunosuppressive therapy for the prevention of restenosis after coronary artery stent implantation (IMPRESS study) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 4, 2002; 40(11): 1935 - 1942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D.S. Celermajer Understanding the pathophysiology of the arterial wall: which method should we choose? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2002; 4(suppl_F): F24 - F28. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. K. Koh Effects of estrogen on the vascular wall: vasomotor function and inflammation Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2002; 55(4): 714 - 726. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.J. Sampson, I.R. Davies, J.C. Brown, K. Ivory, and D.A. Hughes Monocyte and Neutrophil Adhesion Molecule Expression During Acute Hyperglycemia and After Antioxidant Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes and Control Patients Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2002; 22(7): 1187 - 1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. El-Solh, M. J. Mador, P. Sikka, R. S. Dhillon, D. Amsterdam, and B. J. B. Grant Adhesion Molecules in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea* Chest, May 1, 2002; 121(5): 1541 - 1547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Calabresi, M. Gomaraschi, B. Villa, L. Omoboni, C. Dmitrieff, and G. Franceschini Elevated Soluble Cellular Adhesion Molecules in Subjects With Low HDL-Cholesterol Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 656 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Jager, V. W.M. van Hinsbergh, P. J. Kostense, J. J. Emeis, G. Nijpels, J. M. Dekker, R. J. Heine, L. M. Bouter, and C. D.A. Stehouwer C-Reactive Protein and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Are Associated With Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion but Do Not Explain Its Link With Cardiovascular Risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 593 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Blankenberg, H. J. Rupprecht, C. Bickel, D. Peetz, G. Hafner, L. Tiret, and J. Meyer Circulating Cell Adhesion Molecules and Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104(12): 1336 - 1342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-F. Theoret, J.-G. Bienvenu, A. Kumar, and Y. Merhi P-Selectin Antagonism with Recombinant P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (rPSGL-Ig) Inhibits Circulating Activated Platelet Binding to Neutrophils Induced by Damaged Arterial Surfaces J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2001; 298(2): 658 - 664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N T Mulvihill, J B Foley, R T Murphy, R Curtin, P A Crean, and M Walsh Risk stratification in unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction using soluble cell adhesion molecules Heart, June 1, 2001; 85(6): 623 - 627. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. C. O'Shea, G. E. Hafley, S. Greenberg, V. Hasselblad, T. J. Lorenz, M. M. Kitt, J. Strony, J. E. Tcheng, and for the ESPRIT Investigators Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Integrin Blockade With Eptifibatide in Coronary Stent Intervention: The ESPRIT Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, May 16, 2001; 285(19): 2468 - 2473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Popma, E. M. Ohman, J. Weitz, A. M. Lincoff, R. A. Harrington, and P. Berger Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Chest, January 1, 2001; 119 (2009): 321S - 336S. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Zoldhelyi, P. J. Beck, R. J. Bjercke, J. C. Ober, X. Hu, J. M. McNatt, S. Akhtar, M. Ahmed, F. J. Clubb Jr., Z.-Q. Chen, et al. Inhibition of coronary thrombosis and local inflammation by a noncarbohydrate selectin inhibitor Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): H3065 - H3075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. T. Mulvihill, J. B. Foley, R. Murphy, P. Crean, and M. Walsh Evidence of prolonged inflammation in unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2000; 36(4): 1210 - 1216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. de Lemos, C. H. Hennekens, and P. M. Ridker Plasma concentration of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and subsequent cardiovascular risk J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2000; 36(2): 423 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Gottsauner-Wolf, G. Zasmeta, S. Hornykewycz, M. Nikfardjam, E. Stepan, P. Wexberg, G. Zorn, D. Glogar, P. Probst, G. Maurer, et al. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein after coronary stent implantation Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2000; 21(14): 1152 - 1158. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E Sbarouni, C Kroupis, Z.S Kyriakides, K Koniavitou, and D.T Kremastinos Cell adhesion molecules in relation to simvastatin and hormone replacement therapy in coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2000; 21(12): 975 - 980. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. Marfella, K. Esposito, R. Giunta, G. Coppola, L. De Angelis, B. Farzati, G. Paolisso, and D. Giugliano Circulating Adhesion Molecules in Humans : Role of Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia Circulation, May 16, 2000; 101(19): 2247 - 2251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. M. Dong, A. A. Brown, and D. D. Wagner Prominent Role of P-Selectin in the Development of Advanced Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice Circulation, May 16, 2000; 101(19): 2290 - 2295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Zohlnhofer, K. Brand, K. Schipek, G. Pogatsa-Murray, A. Schomig, and F.-J. Neumann Adhesion of Monocyte Very Late Antigen-4 to Endothelial Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Induces Interleukin-1{beta}-Dependent Expression of Interleukin-6 in Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2000; 20(2): 353 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Carter, A. J. Catto, J. M. Bamford, and P. J. Grant Association of the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb HPA-3 Polymorphism With Survival After Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, December 1, 1999; 30(12): 2606 - 2611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Xia, M. A. Vadas, K.-A. Rye, P. J. Barter, and J. R. Gamble High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) Interrupt the Sphingosine Kinase Signaling Pathway. A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY HDL J. Biol. Chem., November 12, 1999; 274(46): 33143 - 33147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Ramakrishnan, P. S. Reeves, F. DeGuzman, U. Deshpande, K. Ministri-Madrid, R. B. DuBridge, and D. R. Phillips Increased thrombin responsiveness in platelets from mice lacking glycoprotein V PNAS, November 9, 1999; 96(23): 13336 - 13341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Moser, T. Nordt, K. Peter, J. Ruef, B. Kohler, M. Schmittner, R. Smalling, W. Kubler, and C. Bode Platelet Function During and After Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction With Reteplase, Alteplase, or Streptokinase Circulation, November 2, 1999; 100(18): 1858 - 1864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Walker, A. C. Langheinrich, E. Dennhauser, R. M. Bohle, T. Dreyer, J. Kreuzer, H. Tillmanns, R. C. Braun-Dullaeus, and W. Haberbosch 3-Deazaadenosine Prevents Adhesion Molecule Expression and Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in the Aortas of C57BL/6J Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1999; 19(11): 2673 - 2679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Pastore, A. Tessitore, S. Martinotti, E. Toniato, E. Alesse, M. C. Bravi, C. Ferri, G. Desideri, A. Gulino, and A. Santucci Angiotensin II Stimulates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Expression by Human Vascular Endothelial Cells and Increases Soluble ICAM-1 Release In Vivo Circulation, October 12, 1999; 100(15): 1646 - 1652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Huber, P. Sakkinen, D. Conze, N. Hardin, and R. Tracy Interleukin-6 Exacerbates Early Atherosclerosis in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1999; 19(10): 2364 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Ferri, G. Desideri, M. Valenti, C. Bellini, M. Pasin, A. Santucci, and Giancarlo De Mattia Early Upregulation of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules in Obese Hypertensive Men Hypertension, October 1, 1999; 34(4): 568 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. V Bobryshev, S. M Cherian, S. J Inder, and R. S.A Lord Neovascular expression of VE-cadherin in human atherosclerotic arteries and its relation to intimal inflammation Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 1999; 43(4): 1003 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Acute Platelet Inhibition With Abciximab Does Not Reduce In-Stent Restenosis (ERASER Study) Circulation, August 24, 1999; 100(8): 799 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. McCrohon, W. Jessup, D. J. Handelsman, and D. S. Celermajer Androgen Exposure Increases Human Monocyte Adhesion to Vascular Endothelium and Endothelial Cell Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Circulation, May 4, 1999; 99(17): 2317 - 2322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Anderson, G. J. King, T. L. Bair, S. P. Elmer, J. B. Muhlestein, J. Habashi, and J. F. Carlquist Associations between a polymorphism in the gene encoding glycoprotein IIIa and myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 1999; 33(3): 727 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Ferri, C. Bellini, G. Desideri, E. Giuliani, L. De Siati, S. Cicogna, and A. Santucci Clustering of Endothelial Markers of Vascular Damage in Human Salt-Sensitive Hypertension : Influence of Dietary Sodium Load and Depletion Hypertension, November 1, 1998; 32(5): 862 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. V. Bobryshev, R. S.A. Lord, T. Watanabe, and T. Ikezawa The cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is widely expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1998; 40(1): 191 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Gawaz, F.-J. Neumann, T. Dickfeld, W. Koch, K.-L. Laugwitz, H. Adelsberger, K. Langenbrink, S. Page, D. Neumeier, A. Schomig, et al. Activated Platelets Induce Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Secretion and Surface Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 on Endothelial Cells Circulation, September 22, 1998; 98(12): 1164 - 1171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Carter, A. J. Catto, J. M. Bamford, and P. J. Grant Platelet GP IIIa PlA and GP Ib Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms and Markers of Platelet Activation in Acute Stroke Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1998; 18(7): 1124 - 1131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Chester, K. J.M. Morrison, and M. H. Yacoub Expression of Vascular Adhesion Molecules in Saphenous Vein Coronary Bypass Grafts Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1998; 65(6): 1685 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G S Hillis and A D Flapan Cell adhesion molecules in cardiovascular disease: a clinical perspective Heart, May 1, 1998; 79(5): 429 - 431. [Full Text]

				P. Aukrust, T. Ueland, F. Muller, A. K. Andreassen, I. Nordoy, H. Aas, J. Kjekshus, S. Simonsen, S. S. Froland, and L. Gullestad Elevated Circulating Levels of C-C Chemokines in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Circulation, March 31, 1998; 97(12): 1136 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Fuster, M. Poon, and J. T. Willerson Learning From the Transgenic Mouse : Endothelium, Adhesive Molecules, and Neointimal Formation Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 16 - 18. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. K. Barron, R. S. Lake, A. J. Buda, and A. N. Tenaglia Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury Is Attenuated by Blocking Selectins Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3587 - 3592. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Braun, P. Pietsch, A. Zepp, K. Schror, G. Baumann, and S. B. Felix Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Interleukin-1ß Induced Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by cAMP Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2568 - 2575. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. M. Carter, N. Ossei-Gerning, I. J. Wilson, and P. J. Grant Association of the Platelet PlA Polymorphism of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and the Fibrinogen Bß 448 Polymorphism With Myocardial Infarction and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1424 - 1431. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. F. Nageh, E. T. Sandberg, K. R. Marotti, A. H. Lin, E. P. Melchior, D. C. Bullard, and A. L. Beaudet Deficiency of Inflammatory Cell Adhesion Molecules Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1997; 17(8): 1517 - 1520. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Y. Merhi, P. Provost, R. Guidoin, and J.-G. Latour Importance of Platelets in Neutrophil Adhesion and Vasoconstriction After Deep Carotid Arterial Injury by Angioplasty in Pigs Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1997; 17(6): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Yasukawa, T. Imaizumi, H. Matsuoka, A. Nakashima, and M. Morimatsu Inhibition of Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury by Antibodies to Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Lymphocyte Function–Associated Antigen-1 Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1515 - 1522. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. Ueyama, H. Ikeda, N. Haramaki, K. Kuwano, and T. Imaizumi Effects of Monoclonal Antibody to P-Selectin and Analogue of Sialyl Lewis X on Cyclic Flow Variations in Stenosed and Endothelium-Injured Canine Coronary Arteries Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1554 - 1559. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P.H.M. Kuijper, H.I. G. Torres, J.A.M. van der Linden, J.-W.J. Lammers, J.J. Sixma, J.J. Zwaginga, and L. Koenderman Neutrophil Adhesion to Fibrinogen and Fibrin Under Flow Conditions Is Diminished by Activation and L-Selectin Shedding Blood, March 15, 1997; 89(6): 2131 - 2138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Adams, W. Jessup, D. Hailstones, and D. S. Celermajer L-Arginine Reduces Human Monocyte Adhesion to Vascular Endothelium and Endothelial Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 662 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M Sandig, E Negrou, and K. Rogers Changes in the distribution of LFA-1, catenins, and F-actin during transendothelial migration of monocytes in culture J. Cell Sci., January 11, 1997; 110(22): 2807 - 2818. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. L. Catapano Antioxidant Effect of Flavonoids Angiology, January 1, 1997; 48(1): 39 - 44. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. M. Brown, N. M. Kania, E. T. Choi, L. A. Lantieri, E. N. Pasia, T.-C. Wun, and R. K. Khouri Local Irrigation With Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia Induced by Arterial Interventions Arch Surg, October 1, 1996; 131(10): 1086 - 1090. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. J. Weiss, P. F. Bray, M. Tayback, S. P. Schulman, T. S. Kickler, L. C. Becker, J. L. Weiss, G. Gerstenblith, and P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont A Polymorphism of a Platelet Glycoprotein Receptor as an Inherited Risk Factor for Coronary Thrombosis N. Engl. J. Med., April 25, 1996; 334(17): 1090 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Ikeda, Y. Takajo, K. Ichiki, T. Ueno, S. Maki, T. Noda, K. Sugi, and T. Imaizumi Increased Soluble Form of P-Selectin in Patients With Unstable Angina Circulation, October 1, 1995; 92(7): 1693 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Lefkovits, E. F. Plow, and E. J. Topol Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptors in Cardiovascular Medicine N. Engl. J. Med., June 8, 1995; 332(23): 1553 - 1559. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Yan and J. W. Smith A Redox Site Involved in Integrin Activation J. Biol. Chem., December 15, 2000; 275(51): 39964 - 39972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Calabresi, M. Gomaraschi, B. Villa, L. Omoboni, C. Dmitrieff, and G. Franceschini Elevated Soluble Cellular Adhesion Molecules in Subjects With Low HDL-Cholesterol Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 656 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ziccardi, F. Nappo, G. Giugliano, K. Esposito, R. Marfella, M. Cioffi, F. D'Andrea, A. M. Molinari, and D. Giugliano Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations and Improvement of Endothelial Functions in Obese Women After Weight Loss Over One Year Circulation, February 19, 2002; 105(7): 804 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Jager, V. W.M. van Hinsbergh, P. J. Kostense, J. J. Emeis, G. Nijpels, J. M. Dekker, R. J. Heine, L. M. Bouter, and C. D.A. Stehouwer C-Reactive Protein and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Are Associated With Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion but Do Not Explain Its Link With Cardiovascular Risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 593 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]