Nitric oxide and nitrovasodilators: similarities, differences and potential interactions

Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Many similarities exist between the exogenous nitrates and endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which is nitric oxide or a thiol derivative. Both act by way of guanylate cyclase, which increases intracellular concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, resulting in smooth muscle cell relaxation and antiplatelet effects. Thiols may be important in the biotransformation of exogenous nitrates and other intracellular processes involving nitric oxide. As such, important interactions might be expected between nitrates and endothelium-dependent processes that involve nitric oxide. This review explores the mechanisms of action, biologic effects and potential interactions between nitrates and endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. Wenzel, E. Schulz, T. Gori, M. A. Ostad, F. Mathner, S. Schildknecht, S. Gobel, M. Oelze, D. Stalleicken, A. Warnholtz, et al. Monitoring White Blood Cell Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity: Implications for Nitrate Therapy in Humans J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2009; 330(1): 63 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Levy, K. A. Tanaka, and J. M. Bailey Cardiac Surgical Pharmacology Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 77 - 110. [Full Text]

				N. P. Johnson and K. L. Gould Clinical Evaluation of a New Concept: Resting Myocardial Perfusion Heterogeneity Quantified by Markovian Analysis of PET Identifies Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Early Atherosclerosis in 1,034 Subjects J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2005; 46(9): 1427 - 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Bailey, K. A. Tanaka, and J. H. Levy Cardiac Surgical Pharmacology Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 85 - 118. [Full Text]

				J. M. Fernandez-Real, G. Penarroja, C. Richart, A. Castro, J. Vendrell, M. Broch, A. Lopez-Bermejo, and W. Ricart G Protein {beta}3 Gene Variant, Vascular Function, and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Hypertension, January 1, 2003; 41(1): 124 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X J Jiang, M F O'Rourke, W Q L Jin, L S Liu, C W Li, P C Tai, X C Zhang, and S Z Liu Quantification of glyceryl trinitrate effect through analysis of the synthesised ascending aortic pressure waveform Heart, August 1, 2002; 88(2): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Joshi, H. Duong, S. Mangla, M. Wang, A. D. Libow, S. J. Popilskis, N. D. Ostapkovich, T. S. Wang, W. L. Young, and J. Pile-Spellman In Nonhuman Primates Intracarotid Adenosine, but Not Sodium Nitroprusside, Increases Cerebral Blood Flow Anesth. Analg., February 1, 2002; 94(2): 393 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Haramaki, H. Ikeda, Y. Takajo, A. Katoh, S. Kanaya, S. Shintani, R. Haramaki, T. Murohara, and T. Imaizumi Long-Term Smoking Causes Nitroglycerin Resistance in Platelets by Depletion of Intraplatelet Glutathione Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2001; 21(11): 1852 - 1856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. R. Cooke, B. M. Wall, K. M. Huch, and T. Mangold Cardiovascular effects of vasopressin following V1 receptor blockade compared to effects of nitroglycerin Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): R887 - R893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Zvara Treatment of Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, July 1, 2001; 5(2): 166 - 183. [Abstract] [PDF]

				Y. Y. Chirkov, A. S. Holmes, S. R. Willoughby, S. Stewart, R. D. Wuttke, P. R. Sage, and J. D. Horowitz Stable angina and acute coronary syndromes are associated with nitric oxide resistance in platelets J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 1851 - 1857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K.-G. Schmidt, L. E Pillunat, K. Kohler, and J. Flammer Ocular pulse amplitude is reduced in patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa Br J Ophthalmol, June 1, 2001; 85(6): 678 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Sun and W. G. Mayhan Temporal effect of alcohol consumption on reactivity of pial arterioles: role of oxygen radicals Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H992 - H1001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Iemura, M Ishii, T Sugimura, T Akagi, and H Kato Long term consequences of regressed coronary aneurysms after Kawasaki disease: vascular wall morphology and function Heart, March 1, 2000; 83(3): 307 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Vehkavaara, S. Makimattila, A. Schlenzka, J. Vakkilainen, J. Westerbacka, and H. Yki-Jarvinen Insulin Therapy Improves Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2000; 20(2): 545 - 550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Y. Chirkov, A. S. Holmes, L. P. Chirkova, and J. D. Horowitz Nitrate Resistance In Platelets From Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris Circulation, July 13, 1999; 100(2): 129 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X.-Z. Zhang and C. Baylis Endothelin mediates renal vascular memory of a transient rise in perfusion pressure due to NOS inhibition Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 1999; 276(4): F629 - F634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. G. Mayhan and G. M. Sharpe Superoxide dismutase restores endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilatation during acute infusion of nicotine J Appl Physiol, October 1, 1998; 85(4): 1292 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Zanzinger, J. Czachurski, and H. Seller Impaired Modulation of Sympathetic Excitability by Nitric Oxide After Long-term Administration of Organic Nitrates in Pigs Circulation, June 16, 1998; 97(23): 2352 - 2358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Hessemer and K.-G. Schmidt Influence of the Vasodilator Drug Isosorbide Dinitrate on Ocular Circulation Arch Ophthalmol, March 1, 1997; 115(3): 324 - 327. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. T. Engelman, M. Watanabe, R. M. Engelman, J. A. Rousou, J. E. Flack III, D. W. Deaton, and D. K. Das CONSTITUTIVE NITRIC OXIDE RELEASE IS IMPAIRED AFTER ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1995; 110(4): 1047 - 1053. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Swissa, T. Ohara, M.-H. Lee, S. Kaul, P. K. Shah, H. Hayashi, P.-S. Chen, and H. S. Karagueuzian Sildenafil-nitric oxide donor combination promotes ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the swine right ventricle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2002; 282(5): H1787 - H1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]