Advertisement






Click here for more guidelines.
CME Topic Collections Past Issues Search Current Issue Home
     

J Am Coll Cardiol, 1983; 2:755-763
© 1983 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
This Article
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation

A placebo-controlled trial of captopril in refractory chronic congestive heart failure. Captopril Multicenter Research Group

Ninety-two patients with heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretic therapy had captopril (n = 50) or placebo (n = 42) added to their therapeutic regimen in a randomized, double-blind trial. During a 2 week dosage titration period, one captopril-treated patient died of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Over the remaining 10 week evaluation period, 1 captopril-treated patient (2%) was excluded from the study because of treatment failure as compared with 12 discontinuations (4 deaths and 8 failures [29%]) among the placebo group (p less than 0.001). Eighty percent of patients in the captopril group exhibited some degree of clinical improvement, whereas only 27% in the placebo group did so (p less than 0.001). The therapeutic advantage of captopril over placebo was evidenced by a mean improvement of 0.52 (2.8 +/- 0.1 to 2.3 +/- 0.1) in the New York Heart Association functional class value as compared with 0.03 (2.9 +/- 0.1 to 2.8 +/- 0.1) with placebo (p less than 0.0001). There was a 24% mean increase in exercise tolerance with captopril (495 +/- 22 to 614 +/- 27 seconds) as compared with 0.4% with placebo (480 +/- 28 to 483 +/- 43 seconds) (p less than 0.01); the captopril group had an increase in the ejection fraction from a mean baseline value of 0.19 +/- 0.02 to 0.22 +2- 0.02 as compared with 0.19 +/- 0.02 to 0.18 +/- 0.002 (p less than 0.05) in the placebo group. A cohort analysis revealed that improvement in exercise tolerance with captopril was gradual and progressive throughout the 12 weeks. Improvement in specific symptoms of heart failure, that is, dyspnea, fatigue and orthopnea, and the reduction of edema also were greater in the captopril-treated patients (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001). Captopril therapy was well tolerated, although symptomatic hypotension after the first dose caused withdrawal of three patients (3%) from the study. It was concluded that captopril is an effective adjunctive treatment to digitalis and diuretic drugs for patients with refractory heart failure.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. J. Goodlin
Palliative care in congestive heart failure.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 28, 2009; 54(5): 386 - 396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, K. Michl, et al.
2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 14, 2009; 53(15): e1 - e90.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. Jessup, W. T. Abraham, D. E. Casey, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, P. S. Rahko, M. A. Silver, et al.
2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 14, 2009; 53(15): 1343 - 1382.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
2009 WRITING GROUP TO REVIEW NEW EVIDENCE AND UPDA, M. Jessup, W. T. Abraham, D. E. Casey, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, P. S. Rahko, et al.
2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
Circulation, April 14, 2009; 119(14): 1977 - 2016.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
2005 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, et al.
2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
Circulation, April 14, 2009; 119(14): e391 - e479.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
C. M. O'Connor, D. J. Whellan, K. L. Lee, S. J. Keteyian, L. S. Cooper, S. J. Ellis, E. S. Leifer, W. E. Kraus, D. W. Kitzman, J. A. Blumenthal, et al.
Efficacy and Safety of Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: HF-ACTION Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, April 8, 2009; 301(14): 1439 - 1450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
C. Fantoni, F. Regoli, A. Ghanem, S. Raffa, C. Klersy, A. Sorgente, F. Faletra, M. Baravelli, L. Inglese, J. A. Salerno-Uriarte, et al.
Long-term outcome in diabetic heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy
Eur J Heart Fail, March 1, 2008; 10(3): 298 - 307.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemHome page
T. Dolezal
Review: Imidapril in Heart Failure
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, September 1, 2006; 7(3): 146 - 154.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
J. Abdulla, J. Pogue, S. Z. Abildstrom, L. Kober, E. Christensen, M. A. Pfeffer, S. Yusuf, and C. Torp-Pedersen
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on functional class in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction--a meta-analysis
Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2006; 8(1): 90 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
Developed in Collaboration With the American Colle, Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society, S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, et al.
ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 20, 2005; 46(6): 1116 - 1143.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, K. Michl, et al.
ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society
Circulation, September 20, 2005; 112(12): 1825 - 1852.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart JHome page
P. Buch, S. Rasmussen, S. Z. Abildstrom, L. Kober, J. Carlsen, C. Torp-Pedersen, and on behalf of the TRACE investigators
The long-term impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction: follow-up to 12 years
Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2005; 26(2): 145 - 152.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
J. Abdulla, S. Z. Abildstrom, E. Christensen, L. Kober, and C. Torp-Pedersen
A meta-analysis of the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on functional capacity in patients with symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Eur J Heart Fail, December 1, 2004; 6(7): 927 - 935.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. E. Khalil, A. W. Basher, E. J. Brown Jr, and I. A. Alhaddad
A remarkable medical story: benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac patients
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 1757 - 1764.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
A. H. Jamali, W. H. W. Tang, U. N. Khot, and M. B. Fowler
The Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in the Management of Chronic Heart Failure
Arch Intern Med, March 12, 2001; 161(5): 667 - 672.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
M. Gomberg-Maitland, D. A. Baran, and V. Fuster
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure: Guidelines for the Primary Care Physician and the Heart Failure Specialist
Arch Intern Med, February 12, 2001; 161(3): 342 - 352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
B. M. Massie, P. W. Armstrong, J. G. F. Cleland, J. D. Horowitz, M. Packer, P. A. Poole-Wilson, and L. Ryden
Toleration of High Doses of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Results From the ATLAS Trial
Arch Intern Med, January 22, 2001; 161(2): 165 - 171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. N. Nanas, G. Alexopoulos, M. I. Anastasiou-Nana, K. Karidis, A. Tirologos, S. Zobolos, V. Pirgakis, L. Anthopoulos, D. Sideris, S. F. Stamatelopoulos, et al.
Outcome of patients with congestive heart failure treated with standard versus high doses of enalapril: a multicenter study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2090 - 2095.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
K. Swedberg
Importance of neuroendocrine activation in chronic heart failure. Impact on treatment strategies
Eur J Heart Fail, September 1, 2000; 2(3): 229 - 233.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
B. D. Lowes, M. Higginbotham, L. Petrovich, M. A. DeWood, M. A. Greenberg, P. S. Rahko, G. W. Dec, T. H. LeJemtel, R. L. Roden, M. M. Schleman, et al.
Low-dose enoximone improves exercise capacity in chronic heart failure
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2000; 36(2): 501 - 508.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. N. Cohn
Exercise Tolerance as a Guide to Therapeutic Efficacy for Heart Failure : The Potential for Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Circulation, November 30, 1999; 100(22): 2208 - 2209.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
A. Auricchio, H. Klein, and J. Spinelli
Pacing for heart failure: selection of patients, techniques and benefits
Eur J Heart Fail, August 31, 1999; 1(3): 275 - 279.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Postgrad. Med. J.Home page
D J Wright and L B Tan
Classic techniques in medicine: The role of exercise testing in the evaluation and management of heart failure
Postgrad. Med. J., August 1, 1999; 75(886): 453 - 458.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
S. Yasuda, Y. Goto, H. Sumida, T. Noguchi, T. Baba, S. Miyazaki, and H. Nonogi
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Restores Hepatocyte Growth Factor Production in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertension, June 1, 1999; 33(6): 1374 - 1378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Postgrad. Med. J.Home page
A. P Davie and J. J McMurray
ACE inhibitors and heart failure in hospital: any difference between cardiologists and general physicians?
Postgrad. Med. J., April 1, 1999; 75(882): 219 - 221.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
S. Stewart, A. J. Vandenbroek, S. Pearson, and J. D. Horowitz
Prolonged Beneficial Effects of a Home-Based Intervention on Unplanned Readmissions and Mortality Among Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Arch Intern Med, February 8, 1999; 159(3): 257 - 261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTHHome page
W. T. Abraham
Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Heart Failure: A Review
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, September 1, 1998; 2(3): 168 - 190.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
H. Yonemochi, S. Yasunaga, Y. Teshima, T. Iwao, K. Akiyoshi, M. Nakagawa, T. Saikawa, and M. Ito
Mechanism of ß-Adrenergic Receptor Upregulation Induced by ACE Inhibition in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes : Roles of Bradykinin and Protein Kinase C
Circulation, June 9, 1998; 97(22): 2268 - 2273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
N. L. Smith, B. M. Psaty, B. Pitt, R. Garg, J. S. Gottdiener, and S. R. Heckbert
Temporal Patterns in the Medical Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Older Adults, 1989 Through 1995
Arch Intern Med, May 25, 1998; 158(10): 1074 - 1080.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BMJHome page
M. Eccles, N. Freemantle, and J. Mason
North of England evidence based development project: guideline for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in primary care management of adults with symptomatic heart failure
BMJ, May 2, 1998; 316(7141): 1369 - 1375.
[Full Text]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
The Large State Peer Review Organization Consortiu
Heart Failure Treatment With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hospitalized Medicare Patients in 10 Large States
Arch Intern Med, May 26, 1997; 157(10): 1103 - 1108.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
F. Nakamura, R. D. Minshall, G. C. Le Breton, and S. F. Rabito
Thromboxane A2 Mediates the Stimulation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production and Intracellular Calcium Mobilization by Bradykinin in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
Hypertension, September 1, 1996; 28(3): 444 - 449.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
NEJMHome page
J. N. Cohn
The Management of Chronic Heart Failure
N. Engl. J. Med., August 15, 1996; 335(7): 490 - 498.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
G. M. Eaton, R. J. Cody, E. Nunziata, and P. F. Binkley
Early Left Ventricular Dysfunction Elicits Activation of Sympathetic Drive and Attenuation of Parasympathetic Tone in the Paced Canine Model of Congestive Heart Failure
Circulation, August 1, 1995; 92(3): 555 - 561.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
Effects of Carvedilol, a Vasodilator–ß-Blocker, in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Due to Ischemic Heart Disease
Circulation, July 15, 1995; 92(2): 212 - 218.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
R. Yang, S. Bunting, N. Gillett, R. Clark, and H. Jin
Growth Hormone Improves Cardiac Performance in Experimental Heart Failure
Circulation, July 15, 1995; 92(2): 262 - 267.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
S. Puri, B. L. Baker, D. P. Dutka, C. M. Oakley, J. M. B. Hughes, and J. G. F. Cleland
Reduced Alveolar–Capillary Membrane Diffusing Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure : Its Pathophysiological Relevance and Relationship to Exercise Performance
Circulation, June 1, 1995; 91(11): 2769 - 2774.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
JAMAHome page
R. Garg, S. Yusuf, the Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials, W. D. Bussmann, P. Sleight, A. Uprichard, B. Massie, B. McGrath, B. Nilsson, B. Pitt, et al.
Overview of Randomized Trials of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Heart Failure
JAMA, May 10, 1995; 273(18): 1450 - 1456.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
I. Crozier, H. Ikram, N. Awan, J. Cleland, N. Stephen, K. Dickstein, M. Frey, J. Young, G. Klinger, L. Makris, et al.
Losartan in Heart Failure : Hemodynamic Effects and Tolerability
Circulation, February 1, 1995; 91(3): 691 - 697.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
JAMAHome page
D. W. Baker, M. A. Konstam, M. Bottorff, and B. Pitt
Management of Heart Failure: I. Pharmacologic Treatment
JAMA, November 2, 1994; 272(17): 1361 - 1366.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
R. J. Cody
Comparing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Trial Results in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Arch Intern Med, September 26, 1994; 154(18): 2029 - 2036.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURGHome page
V.S. Chekanov, A.A. Krakovsky, N.S. Bushlenko, L.G. Riabinina, D.B. Andreev, K.V. Shatalov, I.A. Dubrovsky, V.V. Pekarsky, Sh. D. Akhmedov, N. Trehan, et al.
Cardiomyoplasty: Review of Early and Late Results
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, September 1, 1994; 28(7): 481 - 488.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
NEJMHome page
M. Packer, M. Gheorghiade, J. B. Young, P. J. Costantini, K. F. Adams, R. J. Cody, L. K. Smith, L. Van Voorhees, L. A. Gourley, M. K. Jolly, et al.
Withdrawal of Digoxin from Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Treated with Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors
N. Engl. J. Med., July 1, 1993; 329(1): 1 - 7.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
D. L. Groden
Vasodilator Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure: Lessons From Mortality Trials
Arch Intern Med, February 22, 1993; 153(4): 445 - 454.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
A. M. Feldman
Can We Alter Survival in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure?
JAMA, April 8, 1992; 267(14): 1956 - 1961.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
J. R. Oster and B. J. Materson
Renal and Electrolyte Complications of Congestive Heart Failure and Effects of Therapy With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Arch Intern Med, April 1, 1992; 152(4): 704 - 710.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
J. Myers and V. F. Froelicher
Hemodynamic Determinants of Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure
Ann Intern Med, September 1, 1991; 115(5): 377 - 386.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
D. L. Kulick and S. H. Rahimtoola
Current Role of Digitalis Therapy in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
JAMA, June 12, 1991; 265(22): 2995 - 2997.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
P. C. Deedwania
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Congestive Heart Failure
Arch Intern Med, September 1, 1990; 150(9): 1798 - 1805.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Journal of Pharmacy PracticeHome page
M. A. Munger, S. F. Gardner, and R. C. Jarvis
Endocrinologic Warfare: The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Congestive Heart Failure
Journal of Pharmacy Practice, January 1, 1990; 3(5): 318 - 331.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
R. Jaeschke and G. H. Guyatt
Medical Therapy for Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Ann Intern Med, May 15, 1989; 110(10): 758 - 760.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
W. N. Suki
Renal Hemodynamic Consequences of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Congestive Heart Failure
Arch Intern Med, March 1, 1989; 149(3): 669 - 673.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. Packer
Clinical Trials in Congestive Heart Failure: Why Do Studies Report Conflicting Results?
Ann Intern Med, July 1, 1988; 109(1): 3 - 5.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
P. R. Marantz, M. H. Alderman, and J. N. Tobin
Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Clinical Trials for Congestive Heart Failure
Ann Intern Med, July 1, 1988; 109(1): 55 - 61.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
C. D. Mulrow, J. P. Mulrow, W. D. Linn, C. Aguilar, and G. Ramirez
Relative Efficacy of Vasodilator Therapy in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure: Implications of Randomized Trials
JAMA, June 17, 1988; 259(23): 3422 - 3426.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
The Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group, J. Cohn, M. Hawkins, H. Levine, J. Naughton, E. Rapaport, S. Goldstein, B. Pitt, S. Goldstein, R. Cody, et al.
Comparative Effects of Therapy With Captopril and Digoxin in Patients With Mild to Moderate Heart Failure
JAMA, January 22, 1988; 259(4): 539 - 544.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANGIOLOGYHome page
T. D. Giles, M. G. Thomas, A. C. Quiroz, J. C. Rice, W. Plauche, and G. E. Sander
Acute and Short-Term Effects of Clonidine in Heart Failure
Angiology, July 1, 1987; 38(7): 537 - 548.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. PACKER, W. H. LEE, N. MEDINA, M. YUSHAK, and P. D. KESSLER
Functional Renal Insufficiency During Long-Term Therapy with Captopril and Enalapril in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Ann Intern Med, March 1, 1987; 106(3): 346 - 354.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. PACKER, W. H. LEE, N. MEDINA, and M. YUSHAK
Influence of Renal Function on the Hemodynamic and Clinical Responses to Long-Term Captopril Therapy in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Ann Intern Med, February 1, 1986; 104(2): 147 - 154.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
J. Abrams
Vasodilator Therapy for Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
JAMA, December 6, 1985; 254(21): 3070 - 3074.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ANN INTERN MEDHome page
G. S. FRANCIS, S. R. GOLDSMITH, T. B. LEVINE, M. T. OLIVARI, and J. N. COHN
The Neurohumoral Axis in Congestive Heart Failure
Ann Intern Med, September 1, 1984; 101(3): 370 - 377.
[Abstract] [PDF]



 
  CME Topic Collections Past Issues Search Current Issue Home

Advertisement