Cyanotic congenital heart disease: dynamics of oxygen uptake and ventilation during exercise
KE Sietsema
The presence of intracardiac shunts dissociates the right and left circulations, making dynamic coupling of cellular and pulmonary gas exchange inefficient or impossible. As a result, patients may have profound changes in arterial blood gases and prolongation of adaptation and recovery even with low levels of physical activity. Because the exercise-induced symptoms in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease have bases apart from heart failure, assignment of a New York Heart Association functional class may be misleading if not erroneous. Dr. Jane Somerville recommends the "Ability Index" shown in Table 1.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
R. Inuzuka, G.-P. Diller, F. Borgia, L. Benson, E. L. W. Tay, R. Alonso-Gonzalez, M. Silva, M. Charalambides, L. Swan, K. Dimopoulos, et al.
Comprehensive Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Identifies Adults With Congenital Heart Disease at Increased Mortality Risk in the Medium Term
Circulation,
January 17, 2012;
125(2):
250 - 259.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Warnes, R. G. Williams, T. M. Bashore, J. S. Child, H. M. Connolly, J. A. Dearani, P. del Nido, J. W. Fasules, T. P. Graham Jr, Z. M. Hijazi, et al.
ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
December 2, 2008;
52(23):
e143 - e263.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Warnes, R. G. Williams, T. M. Bashore, J. S. Child, H. M. Connolly, J. A. Dearani, P. del Nido, J. W. Fasules, T. P. Graham Jr, Z. M. Hijazi, et al.
ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease): Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Circulation,
December 2, 2008;
118(23):
e714 - e833.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Glaser, C. F. Opitz, U. Bauer, R. Wensel, R. Ewert, P. E. Lange, and F. X. Kleber
Assessment of Symptoms and Exercise Capacity in Cyanotic Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Chest,
February 1, 2004;
125(2):
368 - 376.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
