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J Am Coll Cardiol, 1988; 11:983-992
© 1988 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Detection of pacing-induced myocardial ischemia by endocardial electrograms recorded during cardiac catheterization

EG Nabel, TL Shook, M Meyerovitz, P Ganz, AP Selwyn, and PL Friedman

Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

Rapid atrial pacing confirms myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease when angina is provoked, and is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In such cases, abnormalities in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) are often not apparent. To enhance detection of subendocardial ischemia during rapid atrial pacing, local unipolar electrograms were recorded from the tip of a 0.025 in. (0.064 cm) diameter guidewire positioned against the endocardial surface of potentially ischemic regions. Endocardial electrograms, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and multiple surface ECG leads were recorded during rapid atrial pacing in 21 patients with coronary artery disease. Before pacing, endocardial electrograms in all 21 patients were free of ST elevation. Marked ST elevation was apparent in 17 of the 21 patients after rapid atrial pacing and could be abolished by nitroglycerin. Moreover, in several patients, endocardial ST elevation after rapid atrial pacing was abolished after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the critically stenosed artery supplying the ischemic region of myocardium. It is concluded that ST elevation in the endocardial electrogram after rapid atrial pacing is a reflection of myocardial ischemia and may be a sensitive marker of pacing-induced ischemia appearing earlier than angina, postpacing increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or ST depression in the surface ECG.


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T. W. Baron, T. S. Faber, A. Grom, T. Schwab, M. Brunner, A. Geibel, H. Just, C. Bode, and M. Zehender
Real-time assessment of acute myocardial ischaemia by an intra-thoracic 6-lead ECG: evaluation of a new diagnostic option in the implantable defibrillator
Europace, November 1, 2006; 8(11): 994 - 1001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1988 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.