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Figure 2 Characteristics of Flow Patterns

Schematic figure illustrating the characteristics of flow patterns. (A) Undisturbed laminar flow is a smooth streamlined flow chacterized by concentric layers of blood moving in parallel along the course of the artery; (B) disturbed laminar flow is characterized by reversed flow (i.e., flow separation, recirculation, and reattachment to forward flow); (C) in turbulent flow the blood velocity at any given point varies continuously over time, even though the overall flow is steady. Adapted from Munson et al. (28). Re = Reynolds number.