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Figure 1 Voluntary Physical Exercise Increases Telomere-Stabilizing Proteins

Effects of voluntary exercise on running wheels on C57/Bl6 mice for 21 days compared with sedentary controls on (A) the ratio of heart weight to tibia length, (B) cardiac telomerase activity determined by telomerase repeat amplification protocol, (C) expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), (D) the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of telomere repeat binding factors (TRFs) 1 and 2, (E) TRF2 protein expression, and (F) the mRNA expression 80 kDa subunit but not the 70 kDa subunit of the repair protein Ku. Standardized for the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 8 to 12 per group.