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Figure 2 CRS Type 2

Pathophysiological interactions between heart and kidney in type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) or "chronic CRS" (chronic abnormalities in cardiac function, e.g., chronic heart failure) causing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Figure illustration by Rob Flewell. LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; RAA = renin angiotensin aldosterone.