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Figure 2 Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality as Function of Heart Rate

Relative risk of cardiovascular mortality as a function of heart rate achieved at the end of the study in the beta-blocker group. The diameter of the circles represents the weight of each individual trial. The line represents the regression fit with 95% confidence interval for the effect sizes. ASCOT = Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial; bpm = beats/min; CV = cardiovascular; ELSA = European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis; HAPPHY = Heart Attack Primary Prevention in Hypertension; INVEST = International Verapamil SR and Trandolapril study; IPPSH = International Prospective Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension; LIFE = Losartan Intervention for End point Reduction trial.