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Figure 4 Stepwise Evaluation of Patients With Severe AS on the Basis of ACC/AHA and ESC Recommendations

Levels of evidence are provided in parentheses (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association [ACC/AHA]; European Society of Cardiology [ESC]) (10,84). AS = aortic stenosis; AVA = aortic valve area; AVR = aortic valve replacement; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; BP = blood pressure; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD = coronary artery disease; CR = contractile reserve; EBCT = electron beam computed tomography; LV = left ventricle; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.