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Figure 6 Pioglitazone Decreases LPS-Induced Soluble VCAM-1 in PPAR^+/+ But Not PPAR^–/– Mice In Vivo

PPAR^+/+ and PPAR^–/– mice were treated with pioglitazone or vehicle alone before lipopolysacharide (LPS) injection (n = 9/genotype as in Methods section). Soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels in PPAR^+/+ and PPAR^–/– mice are shown at baseline (*p < 0.007 PPAR^–/– vs. PPAR^+/+ mice) and after LPS injection in mice treated with either vehicle or pioglitazone (PIO) (PPAR^+/+, n = 9, ^#p < 0.002 LPS/vehicle vs. vehicle; p < 0.01 pioglitazone/LPS vs. vehicle/LPS) and in PPAR^–/– mice (n = 9, p < 0.05 vehicle/LPS vs. vehicle; [p = NS] nonsignificant pioglitazone/LPS vs. vehicle/LPS, significance determined using Mann-Whitney U test). The mean serum sVCAM-1 concentration of each group ± SD is shown.