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Figure 1 Comparison and Adjusted Means of Cardiac Autonomic Function Among Subjects With Different Blood Pressure Based on the Analysis of Covariance

The covariance included age, gender, body mass index, current alcohol use, plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data expressed as adjusted mean ± SE. 30 max/15 min ratio = a ratio between the longest RR interval at approximately the 30th beat and the shortest RR interval at approximately the 15th beat after standing; E/I ratio = a ratio between the RR intervals during expiration and inspiration; HF = high frequency; LF = low frequency; NT(–) = normotension without a family history of hypertension; NT(+) = normotension with a family history of hypertension; SDNN = standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals or RR intervals.