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Figure 1 Activation Map of the RVOT and the Cardiac Tracings During PVCs (Case 8)

Activation mapping of the premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) was performed in a limited area of interest on the remap, which was made by extracting the anatomical frame out of the baseline map during sinus rhythm. The earliest ventricular activation (EVA) indicated by the red area was observed in a fairly wide area on the posterior septum of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) during the PVCs. The EVA relative to the onset of the QRS was 0 ms, and the unipolar electrogram at the EVA site showed a small initial r wave on the shoulder. A few radiofrequency applications targeting the EVA site in the RVOT could not eliminate the PVCs. ABLd/p = the distal/proximal electrode pair of the ablation catheter in the RVOT; ABLuni = the distal unipolar electrode of the ablation catheter in the RVOT; PA = posteroanterior.