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Figure 7 Real Time 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Volume Measurements

(A) A real time 3-dimensional full volume image is acquired in the apical 4-chamber view. (B) The image can be cropped and rotated along multiple planes (red, green, and blue lines) to isolate the left ventricle (LV) for analysis. (C) Application of an automated border detection algorithm yields a cast of the endocardium. (D) From the cast, LV cavity volumes can be calculated and tracked over the cardiac cycle. Stroke volume, end systolic and end diastolic volumes, ejection fraction, and filling dynamics can be measured. (E) The cast can also be automatically divided into wall segments. (F) Regional/segmental volume changes can be tracked over the cardiac cycle, enabling regional wall motion and dyssynchrony analyses.