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Figure 5 MDSCs Secrete VEGF Under Hypoxia and Mechanical Stimulation

(A) Compared with MDSCs cultured under normoxia (in proliferation medium [PM]), MDSCs exposed to hypoxic conditions (2.5% oxygen) exhibited a 6-fold increase in VEGF secretion (in PM), and a 9-fold increase if grown in serum-free (SF) medium (*p < 0.05 vs. normoxia and PM or SF). Muscle-derived stem cells cultured under hypoxic conditions in SF-medium secreted the most VEGF. (B) When subjected to cyclic stretch for 10 and 24 h, MDSCs increased VEGF expression 2-fold (*p < 0.05 vs. non-stretch control group). Abbreviations as in Figure 1.