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Figure 5 RR and 95% CI for Metabolic Syndrome and Incident Cardiovascular Events and Death in Studies That Simultaneously Included Metabolic Syndrome and Some of its Components Into Multivariable Models

All studies excluded people with prevalent cardiovascular disease, and 1 study (45) excluded women. "Other" covariates included race (62), study site (in a multicenter study) (62), body mass index (45), C-reactive protein (45), creatinine (60), left ventricular hypertrophy (60), and cigarette smoking (45,60,62). The boxes represent the relative risk (RR) for individual studies and are proportional to their weight in the analysis, and the lines represent their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The diamond represents the pooled RR, and its width represents its 95% CI. BP = hypertension or elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure; Glu = fasting hyperglycemia; X = covariate included.