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Figure 5 Positron emission tomography (PET) measurement of ¹⁸ F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake versus smooth muscle cell staining. The PET measurement of FDG uptake (target-to-background ratio [T/B]) in patients was compared with histologic assessment of smooth muscle cell staining (anti-SMA stain) in the corresponding sections taken during carotid endarterectomy. There was no correlation between FDG uptake and smooth muscle cell staining (r = 0.15; p = 0.54).